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The increasing penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and renewable energies into the grid necessitates tools to smooth the demand curve. To this end, this paper suggests an EV charging scheduling algorithm and a smart charging price. As…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2021-04-26 Benoît Sohet , Yezekael Hayel , Olivier Beaude , Jean-Baptiste Bréal , Alban Jeandin

Key-value (KV) cache memory management is the primary bottleneck limiting throughput and cost-efficiency in large-scale GPU inference serving. Current systems suffer from three compounding inefficiencies: (1) the absence of unified KV cache…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Sanjeev Rao Ganjihal

How to efficiently serve Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a pressing issue because of their huge computational cost in their autoregressive generation process. To mitigate computational costs, LLMs often employ the KV Cache technique…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-23 Zheng Wang , Boxiao Jin , Zhongzhi Yu , Minjia Zhang

Transformer model with multi-head attention requires caching intermediate results for efficient inference in generation tasks. However, cache brings new memory-related costs and prevents leveraging larger batch size for faster speed. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-06-15 Yu Yan , Jiusheng Chen , Weizhen Qi , Nikhil Bhendawade , Yeyun Gong , Nan Duan , Ruofei Zhang

Large Language Model (LLM) inference is widely used in interactive assistants and agentic systems. In latency-sensitive deployments, inference time can become dominated by host-side overheads. Existing approaches typically expose this cost…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Prabhu Vellaisamy , Shreesh Tripathi , Vignesh Natarajan , Surya Santhan Thenarasu , Shawn Blanton , John P. Shen

Incorporating external knowledge in large language models (LLMs) enhances their utility across diverse applications, but existing methods have trade-offs. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) fetches evidence via similarity search, but key…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-10 Giulio Corallo , Orion Weller , Fabio Petroni , Paolo Papotti

Temporal difference learning and Residual Gradient methods are the most widely used temporal difference based learning algorithms; however, it has been shown that none of their objective functions is optimal w.r.t approximating the true…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2017-04-21 Bo Liu , Daoming Lyu , Wen Dong , Saad Biaz

Carry Value Transformation (CVT) is a model of discrete dynamical system which is one special case of Integral Value Transformations (IVTs). Earlier in [5] it has been proved that sum of two non-negative integers is equal to the sum of…

其他计算机科学 · 计算机科学 2016-01-19 Jayanta Kumar Das , Pabitra Pal Choudhury , Sudhakar Sahoo

Large Language Model (LLM) inference, where a trained model generates text one word at a time in response to user prompts, is a computationally intensive process requiring efficient scheduling to optimize latency and resource utilization. A…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-16 Patrick Jaillet , Jiashuo Jiang , Konstantina Mellou , Marco Molinaro , Chara Podimata , Zijie Zhou

Address translation is a major performance bottleneck in modern computing systems. Speculative address translation can hide this latency by predicting the physical address (PA) of requested data early in the pipeline. However, predicting…

Given string $S[1..N]$ and integer $k$, the {\em suffix selection} problem is to determine the $k$th lexicographically smallest amongst the suffixes $S[i... N]$, $1 \leq i \leq N$. We study the suffix selection problem in the cache-aware…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2009-02-11 Gianni Franceschini , Roberto Grossi , S. Muthukrishnan

Black box variational inference allows researchers to easily prototype and evaluate an array of models. Recent advances allow such algorithms to scale to high dimensions. However, a central question remains: How to specify an expressive…

机器学习 · 统计学 2016-06-01 Rajesh Ranganath , Dustin Tran , David M. Blei

The Large Vision-Language Model (LVLM) integrates computer vision and natural language processing techniques, offering substantial application potential. However, these models demand extensive resources during inference. Adaptive attention…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-10 Junyang Zhang , Mu Yuan , Ruiguang Zhong , Puhan Luo , Huiyou Zhan , Ningkang Zhang , Chengchen Hu , Xiangyang Li

Persistent conversational AI systems face a choice between passing full conversation histories to a long-context large language model (LLM) and maintaining a dedicated memory system that extracts and retrieves structured facts. We compare a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Natchanon Pollertlam , Witchayut Kornsuwannawit

While current Vision Transformer (ViT) adapter methods have shown promising accuracy, their inference speed is implicitly hindered by inefficient memory access operations, e.g., standard normalization and frequent reshaping. In this work,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-02-05 Dong Zhang , Rui Yan , Pingcheng Dong , Kwang-Ting Cheng

We revisit the I/O complexity of attention in large language models. Given query-key-value matrices $Q,K,V\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times d}$, and a machine with fast memory size $M$, the goal is to compute the "attention matrix" $A=\text{softmax}(Q…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Pál András Papp , Aleksandros Sobczyk , Anastasios Zouzias

In recent years a large number of problems have been considered in external memory models of computation, where the complexity measure is the number of blocks of data that are moved between slow external memory and fast internal memory…

数据结构与算法 · 计算机科学 2013-12-11 Lars Arge , Mikkel Thorup

Vector-Matrix Multiplication (VMM) is the fundamental and frequently required computation in inference of Neural Networks (NN). Due to the large data movement required during inference, VMM can benefit greatly from in-memory computing.…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-10-03 Felix Zeller , John Reuben , Dietmar Fey

Transformer attention scales quadratically with sequence length O(n^2), limiting long-context use. We propose Adaptive Retention, a probabilistic, layer-wise token selection mechanism that learns which representations to keep under a strict…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 S M Rafiuddin , Muntaha Nujat Khan

The key-value (KV) cache is a foundational optimization in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), eliminating redundant recomputation of past token representations during autoregressive generation. However, its memory footprint…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Yichun Xu , Navjot K. Khaira , Tejinder Singh