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We consider the temperature fluctuations of a small object. Classical fluctuations of the temperature have been considered for a long time. Using the Nyquist approach, we show that the temperature of an object fluctuates when in a thermal…
We show how the local temperature of out-of-equilibrium, quantum electron systems can be consistently defined with the help of an external voltage and temperature probe. We determine sufficient conditions under which the temperature…
Quantum simulation aims to recreate complex many-body phenomena in controlled environments, offering insights into dynamics that are otherwise difficult to model. Existing platforms, however, are often complex and costly to scale, typically…
We use the global embedding of a black hole spacetime into a higher dimensional flat spacetime to define a local temperature for observers in free fall outside a static black hole. The local free-fall temperature remains finite at the event…
A quantum simulator based on ultracold optically trapped atoms for simulating the physics of atoms and molecules in ultrashort intense laser fields is introduced. The slowing down by about 13 orders of magnitude allows to watch in slow…
In bosonic quantum metrology, the estimate of a loss parameter is typically performed by means of pure states, such as coherent, squeezed or entangled states, while mixed thermal probes are discarded for their inferior performance. Here we…
We present measurements of the electron temperature using gate defined quantum dots formed in a GaAs 2D electron gas in both direct transport and charge sensing mode. Decent agreement with the refrigerator temperature was observed over a…
Quantum coherence as an important physical resource plays the key role in implementing various quantum tasks, whereas quantum coherence is often deteriorated due to the noise. In this paper, we analyse under which dynamical conditions the…
Scanning Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID) microscopy is a powerful tool for imaging local magnetic properties of materials and devices, but it requires a low-vibration cryogenic environment, traditionally achieved by…
We describe a liquid-cryogen free cryostat with ultra-low vibration levels which allows for continuous operation of a torsion balance at cryogenic temperatures. The apparatus uses a commercially available two-stage pulse-tube cooler and…
Temperature fluctuations over long time scales ($\gtrsim 1\,\mathrm{h}$) are an insidious problem for precision measurements. In optical laboratories, the primary effect of temperature fluctuations is drifts in optical circuits over spatial…
Mm and sub-mm waves polarimetry is the new frontier of research in Cosmic Microwave Background and Interstellar Dust studies. Polarimeters working in the IR to MM range need to be operated at cryogenic temperatures, to limit the systematic…
Laser cooled atoms are central to modern precision measurements. They are also increasingly important as an enabling technology for experimental cavity quantum electrodynamics, quantum information processing and matter wave interferometry.…
We show how to optimally protect quantum states and quantum entanglement under non-zero temperature based on measurement reversal from weak measurement. In particular, we present explicit formulas of the protection.
We study a quantum absorption refrigerator, in which a target qubit is cooled by two machine qubits in a nonequilibrium steady state. It is realized by a strong internal coupling in the two-qubit fridge and a vanishing tripartite…
Imaging ultracold atomic gases close to surfaces is an important tool for the detailed analysis of experiments carried out using atom chips. We describe the critical factors that need be considered, especially when the imaging beam is…
We present a quantum network approach to real high sensitivity measurements. Thermal and quantum fluctuations due to active as well as passive elements are taken into account. The method is applied to the analysis of the capacitive…
We discuss the theory of cooling electrons in solid-state devices via ``evaporative emission.'' Our model is based on filtering electron subbands in a quantum-wire device. When incident electrons in a higher-energy subband scatter out of…
We demonstrate cavity cooling of all motional degrees of freedom of an atomic ensemble using light that is far detuned from the atomic transitions by several gigahertz. The cooling is achieved by cavity-induced frequency-dependent…
Spectrometers based on high-finesse optical cavities have proven to be powerful tools for applied and fundamental studies. Extending this technology to the deep cryogenic regime is beneficial in many ways: Doppler broadening is reduced,…