相关论文: Non-Equilibrium Modeling of Arc Plasma Torches
Plasma jets produced by direct-current (DC) non-transferred arc plasma torches, at the core of technologies ranging from spray coating to pyrolysis, present intricate dynamics due to the coupled interaction of fluid flow, thermal, and…
Arc plasma torches are the primary components of various industrial thermal plasma processes involving plasma spraying, metal cutting and welding, thermal plasma CVD, metal melting and remelting, waste treatment and gas production. They are…
Short atmospheric pressure argon arc is studied numerically and analytically. In a short arc with inter-electrode gap of several millimeters non-equilibrium effects in plasma play important role in operation of the arc. High anode…
The atmospheric plasma is regarded as an effective method for surface treatments because it can reduce the period of process and does not need expensive vacuum apparatus. The performance of non-transferred plasma torches is significantly…
A non-relativistic multi-fluid plasma axisymmetric equilibrium model was developed recently to account for the presence of an energetic electron fluid in addition to thermal electron and ion fluids. The equilibrium formulation of a…
Atmospheric pressure arcs have recently found application in the production of nanoparticles. Distinguishing features of such arcs are small length and hot ablating anode characterized by intensive electron emission and radiation from its…
We investigate a temperature-based model, called extended two-temperature model (eTTM), that describes the electronic non-equilibrium and its effect on energy dissipation in metals after ultrashort laser excitation. We derive and discuss…
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics can provide strong advantages when compared to more standard equilibrium situations. Here, we present a general framework to study its application to concrete problems, which is valid also beyond the…
Thermoelectricity in superconducting tunnel junctions has always been studied under the hypothesis of equilibrium between the cold side and the thermal bath, usually in the linear regime. We define a more complete out-of-equilibrium…
Thermal models have proven to be an useful and simple tool used to make theoretical predictions and data analysis in relativistic and ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. A new version of these models is presented here, incorporating a…
The simulation of non-equilibrium electron distributions is essential for capturing light-metal interactions and therefore the study of photoabsorption, photocatalysis, laser ablation, and many other phenomena. Current methodologies, such…
Characterizing and optimizing thermodynamic processes far from equilibrium is a challenge. This is especially true for nanoscopic systems made of few particles. We here theoretically and experimentally investigate the nonequilibrium…
We analyze experimental data obtained from an electrical circuit having components at different temperatures, showing how to predict its response to temperature variations. This illustrates in detail how to utilize a recent linear response…
The effects of nanosecond pulsed non-equilibrium plasma discharges on ignition characteristics and low-temperature chemistry or LTC of DME/O2/Ar mixtures are numerically investigated in a plane-to-plane geometry at a reduced pressure of 76…
A non-equilibrium model for laser-induced plasmas is used to describe how nano-second temporal mode-beating affects plasma kernel formation and growth in quiescent air. The chemically reactive Navier-Stokes equations describe the…
A nonequilibrium distribution function of microscopic thermal current is studied by a direct numerical simulation in a thermal conducting steady state of particle systems. Two characteristic temperatures of the thermal current are…
The quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions is not in local thermal equilibrium at early times. Despite this, dissipative hydrodynamics describes the evolution of the energy-momentum tensor quite well after only roughly 0.5 - 1…
We study the steady state of a three-level system in contact with a non-equilibrium environment, which is composed of two independent heat baths at different temperatures. We derive a master equation to describe the non-equilibrium process…
We describe here a model for inelastic collisions for electronic excitation and deexcitation processes in a general, multifluid plasma. The model is derived from kinetic theory, and applicable to any mixture and mass ratio. The principle of…
Non-equilibrium effects are studied using a full Lorentz-invariant formalism. Our analysis shows that in reactions considered here, no global or local equilibrium is reached. The heavier masses are found to be equilibrated more than the…