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Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) paradox provides an all-versus-nothing test for the quantum nonlocality. In all the GHZ paradoxes known so far each observer is allowed to measure only two alternative observables. Here we shall present a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-08-31 Weidong Tang , Sixia Yu , C. H. Oh

The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) paradox, involving quantum systems with three or more subsystems, offers an 'all-vs-nothing' test of quantum nonlocality. Unlike Bell tests for bipartite systems, which reveal statistical…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-02 Ananya Chakraborty , Kunika Agarwal , Sahil Gopalkrishna Naik , Manik Banik

Nonlocality is the defining feature of quantum entanglement. Entangled states with multiple particles are of crucial importance in fundamental tests of quantum physics as well as in many quantum information tasks. One of the archetypal…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-04-22 Leizhen Chen , Bochi Wu , Liangliang Lu , Kai Wang , Yanqing Lu , Shining Zhu , Xiao-Song Ma

The proof of Bell's theorem without inequalities by Greenberger, Horne, and Zeilinger (GHZ) is extended to multiparticle multilevel systems. The proposed procedure generalizes previous partial results and provides an operational…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-11-06 Adan Cabello

We construct GHZ contradictions for three or more parties sharing an entangled state, the dimension d of each subsystem being an even integer greater than 2. The simplest example that goes beyond the standard GHZ paradox (three qubits)…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-10-23 Nicolas J. Cerf , Serge Massar , Stefano Pironio

Bell's theorem shows a profound contradiction between local realism and quantum mechanics on the level of statistical predictions. It does not involve directly Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations. The paradox of…

We present a generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) theorem, which involves more than two local measurement settings for some parties, and cannot be reduced to one with less settings. Our results hold for an odd number of parties. We…

We generalize the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger nonlocality without inequalities argument to cover the case of arbitrary mixed statistical operators associated to three-qubits quantum systems. More precisely, we determine the radius of a ball…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-11-13 GianCarlo Ghirardi , Luca Marinatto

We show how to construct Greenberger-Horn-Zeilinger type paradoxes for continuous variable systems. We give two examples corresponding to 3 party and 5 party paradoxes. The paradoxes are revealed by carrying out position and momentum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Serge Massar , Stefano Pironio

Mixed states appear naturally in experiment over pure states. So for studying different notions of nonlocality and their relation with entanglement in realistic scenarios, one needs to consider mixed states. In a recent article [Phys. Rev.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-09-14 Biswajit Paul , Kaushiki Mukherjee , Debasis Sarkar

GHZ paradoxes are presented for all even numbers of qubits from four up. They are obtained from proofs of the Kochen-Specker (KS) theorem by showing how the assumption of noncontextuality can be justified on the basis of locality. The…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-06-11 Mordecai Waegell , P. K. Aravind

We show that for all $n\ge3$, an example of an $n$-partite quantum correlation that is not genuinely multipartite nonlocal but rather exhibiting anonymous nonlocality, that is, nonlocal but biseparable with respect to all bipartitions, can…

量子物理 · 物理学 2014-09-26 Yeong-Cherng Liang , Florian John Curchod , Joseph Bowles , Nicolas Gisin

We investigate cluster states of qubits with respect to their non-local properties. We demonstrate that a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) argument holds for any cluster state: more precisely, it holds for any partial, thence mixed, state…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-11-10 Valerio Scarani , Antonio Acin , Emmanuel Schenck , Markus Aspelmeyer

The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) argument provides an all-or-nothing contradiction between quantum mechanics and local-realistic theories. In its original formulation, GHZ investigated three and four particles entangled in two…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-12-14 Manuel Erhard , Mehul Malik , Mario Krenn , Anton Zeilinger

Self-testing is a correlation-based framework that enables the certification of both the underlying quantum state and the implemented measurements without imposing any assumptions on the internal structure of the devices. In this work, we…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-12-19 Smritikana Patra , Soumyajit Pal , Ranendu Adhikary

We consider an entangled two-particle state that is produced from two independent down-conversion sources by the process of "entanglement-swapping", so that the particles have never met. We prove a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) type…

量子物理 · 物理学 2008-08-01 Daniel M. Greenberger , Michael Horne , Anton Zeilinger

We prove that for a three-qubit system in the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state, locality per se is in conflict with the perfect GHZ correlations. The proof does not in any way use the realism assumption and can lead to a refutation…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Zeng-Bing Chen , Nai-Le Liu , Sixia Yu , Yong-De Zhang

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states are quantum states involving at least three entangled particles. They are of fundamental interest in quantum information theory, and the construction of such states of high dimension has various…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-08 L. Sunil Chandran , Rishikesh Gajjala , Abraham M. Illickan

We generalize Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) nonlocality to every even-dimensional and odd-partite system. For the purpose we employ concurrent observables that are incompatible and nevertheless have a common eigenstate. It is remarkable…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Jinhyoung Lee , Seung-Woo Lee , M. S. Kim

The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger~(GHZ) version of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen~(EPR) paradox is widely regarded as a conclusive logical argument that rules out the possibility of describing quantum phenomena within the framework of a local…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-09-04 David H. Oaknin
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