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Almost a hundred years ago, two different expressions were proposed for the energy--momentum tensor of an electromagnetic wave in a dielectric. Minkowski's tensor predicted an increase in the linear momentum of the wave on entering a…

A discussion is given on the interpretation and physical importance of the Minkowski momentum in macroscopic electrodynamics (essential for the Abraham-Minkowski problem). We focus on the following two facets: (1) Adopting a simple…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-01-27 Iver Brevik

We derive a generalized Minkowski Energy Momentum Tensor for a monochromatic wave in a lossless medium exhibiting temporal and spatial dispersion. The Energy Momentum Tensor is then related to familiar expressions for energy density and…

综合物理 · 物理学 2016-04-11 Chris Fietz

We present an elementary discussion of the momentum transferred by an electromagnetic wave propagating in a dispersive medium. Our analysis is based on Minkowski's electromagnetic momentum density which have been recently seen to be…

经典物理 · 物理学 2018-01-30 Rodrigo Medina , J. Stephany

We find that the energy-dynamic tensor of electromagnetic wave in medium defined by Lagrange density is very similar to that of ordinary fluid, and density and pressure can be defined similarly. The pressure here is different from the…

综合物理 · 物理学 2023-09-08 Gui-Xiong Liang

We find that the energy-momentum tensor of electromagnetic waves in media is very similar to that of ordinary fluids, and concepts such as density, pressure, and energy transfer rate can be similarly defined. On this basis, we conducted a…

经典物理 · 物理学 2023-09-11 Gui-Xiong Liang

The Minkowski's theory is regarded as the classical approach for describing the electromagnetism of uniformly moving objects by elegantly utilizing the format-invariance of the Maxwell's equations in inertia reference frames under Lorentz…

综合物理 · 物理学 2026-03-11 Zhong Lin Wang

After more than a century of debate, there remains continuing discomfort over what is the correct expression for the electromagnetic momentum in a dielectric medium. This is the so-called the Minkowski-Abraham controversy. We show that…

经典物理 · 物理学 2017-07-05 Joseph J. Bisognano

We present an elementary discussion of the momentum transferred to a conducting sheet by an electromagnetic wave propagating in a polarizable medium. We show that conservation of momentum is consistent with Minkowski's expression for the…

经典物理 · 物理学 2017-03-09 Rodrigo Medina , J. Stephany

We defend a natural division of the energy density, energy flux and momentum density of electromagnetic waves in linear media in electromagnetic and material parts. In this division, the electromagnetic part of these quantities have the…

光学 · 物理学 2011-04-27 Pablo L. Saldanha

The article describes a new approach to obtaining the energy-momentum tensor of electromagnetic field in medium without the use of Maxwell's equations and Poynting theorem. The energy-momentum tensor has new qualities and consequences. Its…

经典物理 · 物理学 2017-04-13 Yurii A. Spirichev

The momentum of light in dielectric media has been a century-long controversy that continues to attract significant interest. In a linear dielectric medium with refractive index n, the momentum is predicted to be smaller by a factor of n…

光学 · 物理学 2025-09-23 Adam B. Cahaya

There exist two popular energy-momentum tensors for an electromagnetic wave in a dielectric medium. The Abraham expression is robust to experimental verification but more mathematically demanding, while the Minkowski expression is the…

经典物理 · 物理学 2009-02-22 R. N. C. Pfeifer , T. A. Nieminen , N. R. Heckenberg , H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop

The 100-year-long problem concerning the correct form of the electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor in continuous media (usually called the Abraham-Minkowski problem) continues to attract interest. We provide a critical analysis of…

光学 · 物理学 2018-10-29 Iver Brevik

We perform a detailed study of the connection between hidden momentum and the Abraham-Minkowski debate about the electromagnetic momentum density in material media. The results of a previous work on the subject [P. L. Saldanha and J. S.…

光学 · 物理学 2020-12-09 Raul Corrêa , Pablo L. Saldanha

The problem of the electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor is among the oldest and the most controversial in macroscopic electrodynamics. In the center of the issue is a dispute about the Minkowski and the Abraham tensors for moving media.…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2008-08-15 Yuri N. Obukhov

An important issue in phenomenological macroscopic electrodynamics of moving media is the definition of the energy and momentum of the electromagnetic field in matter. Rather surprisingly, this topic has demonstrated a remarkable longevity,…

光学 · 物理学 2022-08-24 Yuri N. Obukhov

In a continuum setting, the energy-momentum tensor embodies the relations between conservation of energy, conservation of linear momentum, and conservation of angular momentum. The well-defined total energy and the well-defined total…

光学 · 物理学 2015-02-12 Michael E. Crenshaw

We discuss the electromagnetic energy-momentum distribution and the mechanical forces of the electromagnetic field in material media. There is a long-standing controversy on these notions. The Minkowski and the Abraham energy-momentum…

经典物理 · 物理学 2009-11-10 Yuri N. Obukhov , Friedrich W. Hehl

The momentum of light inside ponderable media has an electromagnetic part and a mechanical part. The local and instantaneous density of the electromagnetic part of the momentum is given by the Poynting vector divided by the square of the…

光学 · 物理学 2012-08-07 Masud Mansuripur
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