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The long-term evolution of the Sun's rotation period cannot be directly observed, and is instead inferred from trends in the measured rotation periods of other Sun-like stars. Assuming the Sun spins-down as it ages, following rotation rate…

We examine the long-term time evolution (1965-2015) of the relationships between solar wind proton temperature (Tp) and speed (Vp) and between the proton density (np) and speed using OMNI solar wind observations taken near Earth. We find a…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-11-23 Heather A. Elliott , David J. McComas , Craig E. DeForest

The properties of the solar wind, as measured in situ throughout the heliosphere, depend both on the characteristics of its coronal source and on the intrinsic processes governing its interplanetary evolution. Recently, radial and Parker…

The solar activity displays variability and periodic behaviours over a wide range of timescales, with the presence of a most prominent cycle with a mean length of 11 years. Such variability is transported within the heliosphere by solar…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-10-17 R. Reda , L. Giovannelli , T. Alberti

The velocity of alpha particles relative to protons can vary depending on the solar wind type and distance from the Sun (Marsch 2012). Measurements from the previous spacecraft provided the alpha-proton's differential velocities down to 0.3…

We utilize observations from the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) to study the radial evolution of the solar wind in the inner heliosphere. We analyze electron velocity distribution functions observed by the Solar Wind Electrons, Alphas, and…

The relationship between moderate and extremely high levels of geomagnetic activity, represented by the Kp index (2- to 5+ and 6- to 9), and solar wind conditions during southward IMF intervals was revealed utilizing a newly developed…

空间物理 · 物理学 2025-09-03 Ryozo Kitajima , Motoharu Nowada , Ryotaro Kamimura

The solar-wind energy flux measured near the ecliptic is known to be independent of the solar-wind speed. Using plasma data from Helios, Ulysses, and Wind covering a large range of latitudes and time, we show that the solar-wind energy flux…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-04 G. Le Chat , K. Issautier , N. Meyer-Vernet

Space weather predictions of the solar wind impacting Earth are usually first based on remote-sensing observations of the solar disc and corona, and eventually validated and/or refined with in-situ measurements taken at the Sun$-$Earth…

空间物理 · 物理学 2025-11-12 Erika Palmerio

The variability in the magnetic activity of the Sun is the main source of the observed changes in the plasma and electromagnetic environments within the heliosphere. The primary way in which solar activity affects the Earth's environment is…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-05-27 Raffaele Reda , Mirko Stumpo , Luca Giovannelli , Tommaso Alberti , Giuseppe Consolini

The proton temperature anisotropy in the solar wind exhibits apparent bounds which are compatible with the theoretical constraints imposed by temperature-anisotropy driven kinetic instabilities. Recent statistical analyses based on…

空间物理 · 物理学 2014-09-12 Petr Hellinger , Pavel M. Travnicek

Large solar eruptive events, including solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), can lead to solar energetic particle (SEP) events. During these events, protons are accelerated up to several GeV and pose numerous space weather risks.…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-03-08 Charlotte Waterfall , Silvia Dalla , Osku Raukunen , Daniel Heynderickx , Piers Jiggens , Rami Vainio

We use the Global Historical Climatology Network--daily database to calculate trends in sea-level atmospheric pressures, their variance and the variance of their day-to-day differences in nine regions of the world. Changes in pressure…

大气与海洋物理 · 物理学 2019-02-05 T. A. Howells , J. I. Katz

We present the results of a study of solar wind velocity and magnetic field correlation lengths over the last 35 years. The correlation length of the magnetic field magnitude lambda(|B|) increases on average by a factor of two at solar…

空间物理 · 物理学 2015-05-18 R. T. Wicks , M. J. Owens , T. S. Horbury

Analysis of the Interball-1 spacecraft data (1995-2000) has shown that the solar wind ion flux sometimes increases or decreases abruptly by more than 20% over a time period of several seconds or minutes. Typically, the amplitude of such…

空间物理 · 物理学 2011-02-08 Olga Khabarova , Georgy Zastenker

We study the properties of 115 coronal holes in the time-range from 2010/08 to 2017/03, the peak velocities of the corresponding high-speed streams as measured in the ecliptic at 1 AU, and the corresponding changes of the Kp index as marker…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-04-27 Stefan J. Hofmeister , Astrid Veronig , Manuela Temmer , Susanne Vennerstrom , Bernd Heber , Bojan Vršnak

Aims: Our goal is to develop methodologies to seamlessly track transient solar wind flows viewed by coronagraphs or heliospheric imagers from rapidly varying viewpoints. Methods: We constructed maps of intensity versus time and elongation…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-06-02 A. Nindos , S. Patsourakos , A. Vourlidas , P. C. Liewer , P. Penteado , J. R. Hall

Aims. We studied the first multi-spacecraft high-energy solar energetic particle (SEP) event of solar cycle 25, which triggered a ground level enhancement (GLE) on 28 October 2021, using data from multiple observers that were widely…

We search for persistent and quasi-periodic release events of streamer blobs during 2007 with the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph on the \textit{Solar and Heliospheric Observatory} and assess the velocity of the slow solar wind along…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-13 H. Q. Song , Y. Chen , K. Liu , S. W. Feng , L. D. Xia

Observation of Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) provides an important and effective way to study the solar wind and the space weather. A series of IPS observations were conducted by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-08-03 Li-Jia Liu , Bo Peng , Lei Yu , Bin Liu , Ji-Guang Lu , Ye-Zhao Yu , Hong-Wei Xi , Ming Xiong , O. Chang
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