相关论文: What is the Real Structure of Fundamental Forces?
Conventional quantum field theory is a method for studying structureless elementary particles. Non-elementary particles, on the other hand, are those with internal structure or particles that are made up of elementary constituents like the…
We follow the example of Cabibbo by revising the Standard Model (SM) to present a universal mass structure for fermions. A universal Higgs coupling for each species of fundamental fermions moves the SM towards a Theory of Matter, albeit…
A class of models intended to be as minimal and structureless as possible is introduced. Even in cases with simple rules, rich and complex behavior is found to emerge, and striking correspondences to some important core known features of…
General relativity is a mathematical model that uses sophisticated geometry to describe simple physics. It agrees with experiment in the few tests that can be made, but the whole edifice is not physics. Instead of using observations to test…
The quantum field theory of gravitation is constructed in terms of Lagrangian density of Dirac fields which couple to the electromagnetic field $A_\mu$ as well as the gravitational field $\cal G$. The gravity appears in the mass term as $…
This article describes the various experimental bounds on the variation of the fundamental constants of nature. After a discussion on the role of fundamental constants, of their definition and link with metrology, the various constraints on…
The present paper is based upon ideas and results obtained in an earlier paper by the author devoted to a new formulation of quantum electrodynamics. The equations derived in that paper depict the structure and properties of the electron as…
The standard model of particle physics is an extremely successful theory of fundamental interactions, but it has many known limitations. It is therefore widely believed to be an effective field theory that describes interactions near the…
Five fundamental scales of mass follow from holographic limitations, a self-similar law for angular momentum and the basic scaling laws for a fractal universe with dimension 2. The five scales correspond to the observable universe,…
In this lecture we discuss the basic ingredients for gauge invariant quantum field theories. We give an introduction to the elements of quantum field theory, to the construction of the basic Lagrangian for a general gauge theory, and…
We apply a simple decomposition to the energy of a moving particle. Based on this decomposition, we identify the potential and kinetic energies, then use them to give general definitions of momentum and the various kinds of forces exerted…
Lattice theory is used to explain the rest masses of the stable mesons and baryons and their spin. From the mass of the charged pi-mesons follows the mass of the muons. From the mass of the muons follows the mass of the electron. We do not…
Gauge theory underpins the quantum field theories of the standard model, and in a previous paper was shown via a geometric approach to describe classical electromagnetism in a form which approximates QED. Here we formalize and generalize…
The most successful "Standard Model" allows one to define the so-called "Elementary Particles". Now from another point of view, philosophical, how can we think of them? Which kind of a status can be attributed to Elementary Particles and…
Underlying any theory of physics is a layer of conceptual frames. They connect the mathematical structures used in theoretical models with physical phenomena, but they also constitute our fundamental assumptions about reality. Many of the…
The principle which allows to construct new physical theories on the basis of classical mechanics by reduction of the number of its axiom without engaging new postulates is formulated. The arising incompleteness of theory manifests itself…
A general form factor formula for the scaling Z(N)-Ising model is constructed. Exact expressions for matrix elements are obtained for several local operators. In addition, the commutation rules for order, disorder parameters and para-Fermi…
Basic concepts of theoretical particle physics, including quantum mechanics and Poincar\'e invariance, the leptonic mass spectrum and the proton mass, can be derived, without reference to first principles, from intrinsic properties of the…
We conjecture how the particle content of the standard model can emerge starting with a supersymmetric Wess-Zumino model in 1+1 dimensions (d = 2) with three real boson and fermion fields. Considering SU(3) transformations, the lagrangian…
We formulate Bohmian mechanics (BM) such that the main objects of concern are macroscopic phenomena, while microscopic particle trajectories only play an auxiliary role. Such a formulation makes it easy to understand why BM always makes the…