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Charge separation is a critical process for achieving high efficiencies in organic photovoltaic cells. The initial tightly bound excitonic electron-hole pair has to dissociate fast enough in order to avoid photocurrent generation and thus…

The reported new type of all-solid-state, inorganic solar cell will be discussed by a semiclassical light-matter interaction method. The molecular compound will be treated by a three times two-level coupled quantum system. The equation of…

In this paper, the influence of chemi-ionization processes in $H^*(n \ge 2) + H(1s)$ collisions, as well as the influence of inverse chemi-recombination processes on hydrogen atom excited-state populations in solar photosphere, are compared…

Here, we report an experimental demonstration of perovskite solar cells dominated by bimolecular recombination and critically analyse their performance against radiative limits. To this end, we first establish a set of quantitative…

A theoretical approach to photoconversion efficiency modeling in perovskite p-i-n structures is developed. The results of this modeling compare favorably with the experiment and indicate that the surfaces of the perovskite solar cells (SCs)…

We performed temperature dependent transient photovoltage and photocurrent measurements on poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methylester bulk heterojuction solar cells. We found a strongly charge carrier concentration and…

Space charge effects can significantly degrade charge collection in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), especially in thick-film devices. The two main causes of space charge are doping and imbalanced transport. Although these are completely…

A quite general device analysis method that allows the direct evaluation of optical and recombination losses in crystalline silicon (c-Si)-based solar cells has been developed. By applying this technique, the optical and physical limiting…

Thin-film solar cells suffer from various types of recombination, of which leakage current usually dominates at lower voltages. Herein, we demonstrate first a three-order reduction of the shunt loss mechanism in planar methylammonium lead…

A combination of transient photovoltage (TPV), voltage dependent charge extraction (CE) and time delayed collection field (TDCF) measurements is applied to poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl]…

Among silicon-based solar cells, heterojunction cells hold the world efficiency record. However, their market acceptance is hindered by an initial 0.5\% per year degradation of their open circuit voltage which doubles the overall cell…

Photosynthesis first step mechanism concerns the sunlight absorption and both negative and positive charges separation. Recent and important photosynthesis literature claims that this mechanism is quantum mechanics controlled, however…

The determination of minority-carrier lifetimes and surface recombination velocities is essential for the development of semiconductor technologies such as solar cells. The recent development of two-photon time-resolved microscopy allows…

We present a theory for the recombination of (charged) holons and doublons in one-dimensional organic Mott insulators, which is responsible for the decay of a photoexcited metallic state. Due to the charge-spin separation, the dominant…

Under open-circuit condition, the current is not extracted and the photogenerated carriers in principle disappear only by recombination. We study the open-circuit voltage $V_{\rm OC}$ and transient photovoltage under the effect of bulk…

Charge carrier recombination in the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has a deep influence on the electrical performance, such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor and ultimately power conversion efficiency. The impacts…

The ideality factor determined by measuring the open circuit voltage (VOC) as function of light intensity is often used as a means to identify the dominant recombination mechanism in solar cells. However, applying this Suns-VOC technique to…

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the surface of semiconductor photoanodes involves photo-generated holes that oxidize water. A certain fraction of the holes that reach the surface recombine with electrons from the conduction band,…

We describe a mathematical model for heterojunctions in semiconductors which can be used, e.g., for modeling higher efficiency solar cells. The continuum model involves well-known drift-diffusion equations posed away from the interface.…

III-V materials show a wide range of gaps making them ideal for the design of high efficiency solar cells. This chapter reviews relevant growth methods and material properties of these materials and discusses methods of combining…