相关论文: Nonequilibrium and effect of gas mixtures in an at…
Microplasmas are operated around atmospheric pressure exhibiting pronounced non-equilibrium characteristics, i.e. they possess energetic electrons while ions and neutrals remain cold. They have gained significant interest due to their…
It is shown that the partial temperatures of a homogeneous multicomponent gas mixture in the thermodynamical equilibrium cannot be equal to each other. New general solutions for equilibrium distribution functions of the multicomponent…
Small thermodynamic systems exhibit peculiar behavior different from that observed in long-scale systems. Non-equilibrium processes taking place in those systems are strongly influenced by the presence of fluctuations which can be large.…
The electron and gas temperature of non-equilibrium argon plasma torch sustained by a focused 24 GHz microwave beam in the external atmosphere of air was measured by optical emission spectroscopy. The excitation temperature of argon atoms…
The equilibrium resulting in a recombining plasma with arbitrary metallicity Z, heated by a mean radiation field E as well as by sound waves dissipation due to thermal conduction, dynamic and bulk viscosity is analyzed. Generally, the…
A microwave discharge of atmospheric pressure, maintained by focused CW radiation of a 24-GHz gyrotron in an argon flow in an external air atmosphere, was investigated. The electron temperature was determined by the current-voltage curve of…
We investigate numerically and analytically size-polydisperse granular mixtures immersed into a molecular gas. We show that the equipartition of granular temperatures of particles of different sizes is established; however, the granular…
Microplasma jets are commonly used to treat samples in ambient air atmosphere. The effect of admixing air into the effluent may severely affect the composition of the emerging species. Here, the effluent of a He/O2 microplasma jet has been…
Electrical characterization of a nonthermal radio-frequency atmospheric-pressure microplasma in a parallel plate configuration has shown that reducing electrode gap into the submillimeter range increases current and power density at a…
The microphysical, kinetic properties of astrophysical plasmas near accreting compact objects are still poorly understood. For instance, in modern general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations, the relation between the temperature of…
If two phases exist at the same time, such as a gas and a liquid, they have the same temperature. This fundamental law of equilibrium physics is known to apply even to many non-equilibrium systems. However, recently, there has been much…
This paper shows how mesoscopic nonequilibrium thermodynamics can be applied to condensation and evaporation. By extending the normal set of thermodynamic variables with two internal variables, we are able to give a new theoretical…
Nonequilibrium (time-dependent) cooling rates and ionization state calculations are presented for low-density gas enriched with heavy elements (metals) and photoionized by external ultraviolet/X-ray radiation. We consider a wide range of…
Equilibrium properties of hydrogen-helium mixtures under conditions similar to the interior of giant gas planets are studied by means of first principle density functional molecular dynamics simulations. We investigate the molecular and…
Liquid-liquid phase separation has recently emerged as an important topic in the context of cellular organization. Within this context, there are multiple poorly understood features; for instance hints of critical behavior in the plasma…
Vertical mixing disrupts the thermochemical equilibrium and introduces additional heat flux that alters exoplanetary atmospheric temperatures. We investigate how this mixing-induced heat flux affects atmospheric chemistry. Temperature…
In the superconducting state, the presence of a finite gap in the excitation spectrum implies that the number of excitations (quasiparticles) is exponentially small at temperatures well below the critical one. Conversely, minute…
Context. The long-term evolution of an atmosphere and the remote detectability of its chemical constituents are susceptible to how the atmospheric gas responds to stellar irradiation. The response remains poorly characterized for water and…
I explore the thermal evolution and ionization states in gas cooling from an initially hot state in the presence of external photoionizing radiation. I compute the equilibrium and nonequilibrium cooling efficiencies, heating rates, and ion…
The thermodynamic approach to non-equilibrium dynamics describes the state of macroscopic systems by means of a collection of intensities or intensive variables. The latter are by definition the differentials of the entropy with respect to…