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In this article, we propose an index modulation system suitable for optical communications, where the intensity of the light is modulated along the time, space and frequency dimensions, building a Frequency-Hopping Spatial Multi-Pulse…
Atmospheric attenuation, atmospheric turbulence, geometric spread, and pointing errors, degrade the performance of free-space optical transmission. In the weak turbulence regime, the probability density function describing the distribution…
Free space optical (FSO) communications using orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes has recently received a considerable interest. Propagating OAM modes through free space may be subject to atmospheric turbulence (AT) distortions that cause…
Free-space optical communication (FSOC) systems offer high-bandwidth and secure communication with minimal capital costs. Adaptive optics (AO) are typically added to these systems to decrease atmospheric channel losses; however, the…
Free-space optical time transfer that features high precision and flexibility will act a crucial role in near-future ground-to-satellite/inter-satellite clock networks and outdoor timing services. Here we propose a free-space optical…
In this paper, we investigate the performance of the dual-hop free space optical (FSO) communication systems under the effect of strong atmospheric turbulence together with misalignment effects (pointing error). We consider a relay assisted…
Free-space optics (FSO) is an attractive technology to meet the ever-growing demand for wireless bandwidth in next generation networks. To increase the spectral efficiency of FSO links, transmission over spatial division multiplexing (SDM)…
Relay-assisted free-space optical (FSO) communication systems are exploited as a means to mitigate the limiting effects of the turbulence induced atmospheric scintillation. However, conventional ground relays are stationary, and their…
Free-space optical communication is emerging as a low-power, low-cost, and high data rate alternative to radio-frequency communication in short-to medium-range applications. However, it requires a close-to-line-of-sight link between the…
Integrating high altitude platforms (HAPs) and free-space optical (FSO) communications is a promising solution to establish high data rate aerial links for the next-generation wireless networks. However, practical limitations such as…
Multimode receivers based on spatial or modal diversity are promising architectures to mitigate in real time the atmospheric turbulence effects for free space optical (FSO) communications. In this paper, we evaluate and comment on the…
The free-space optical (FSO) communications can achieve high capacity with huge unlicensed optical spectrum and low operational costs. The corresponding performance analysis of FSO systems over turbulence channels is very limited,…
Coherent free-space optical (FSO) communication is recognized as a key enabler for ultra-high-capacity fronthaul and backhaul links in next-generation wireless networks. Spectrally efficient $M$-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM)…
Nowadays, the subsistent anisotropic non-Kolmogorov (ANK) turbulence models are all established on the supposition that the long axis of turbulence cell ought to be level with the ground. Nevertheless, Beason et al. and Wang et al. have…
This paper investigates the usage of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocols for power-efficient and reliable communications over free space optical (FSO) links. By exploiting the large coherence time of the FSO channel, the…
The free-space optical (FSO) communication links with orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing have been demonstrated that they can largely enhance the systems' capacity without a corresponding increase in spectral bandwidth, but the…
Accurate characterization of free-space optical (FSO) channels requires joint estimation of transmitter pointing errors, receiver angle-of-arrival (AoA) fluctuations, and turbulence-induced fading. However, existing literature addresses…
Free Space Optics (FSO) communication provides attractive bandwidth enhancement with unlicensed bands worldwide spectrum. However, the link capacity and availability are the major concern in the different atmospheric conditions. The…
This paper investigates the average symbol error rate (ASER) performance of a dual-hop hybrid relaying system relying on both radio frequency (RF) and free space optical (FSO) links. Specifically, the RF link is used for supporting mobile…
Despite the promising gains, free-space optical (FSO) communication is severely influenced by atmospheric turbulence and pointing error issues, which make its practical design a bit challenging. In this paper, with the aim to increase the…