相关论文: Some Characteristic Parameters of Proton from the …
A method for quantization of the proton mass is here addressed, which provides a plausible explanation for the origin of mass and leads to the unification of mass and electric charge through their coupling. By means of an electromagnetic…
Hadron masses are shown to be separable in QCD into contributions of quark and gluon kinetic and potential energies, quark masses, and the trace anomaly. The separation is based on a study of the structure of the QCD energy-momentum tensor…
The properties of the proton has been investigated considering a proton as diquark-quark system. A model for diquark has been suggested in an analogy with the quasi-particle in a crystal lattice. The mass of the diquark obtained in the…
Gravitational form factors (GFFs) of hadrons encode essential information about the internal distributions of mass, spin, pressure, and shear among their quark and gluon constituents. We compute the quark and gluon GFFs of the proton using…
We present results on two-parton densities in coordinate space, which capture a fuller dynamical picture of the proton's internal structure, including information on the relative position between quarks and gluons in the transverse plane.…
I suggest to consider a proton as a body in a state of free precession. Such approach allows to define a proton as periodic system with two rotary degrees of freedom with corresponding frequency ratio and resonances. In result on a power…
In this work we present a bag-type model within a non-extensive statistics applied to the description of the properties of a hadronic system with an underlying fractal structure. The non-extensive ideal gas inside the bag is determined by…
We consider a possibility that inside the proton and, more generally, inside the hadrons there are additional partons - tensor-gluons, which can carry a part of the proton momentum. The tensor-gluons have zero electric charge, like gluons,…
Visible matter is characterised by a single mass scale; namely, the proton mass. The proton's existence and structure are supposed to be described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD); yet, absent Higgs boson couplings, chromodynamics is scale…
The color confinement can be decently explained by assuming the global $SU(3)$ color symmetry. A hadron is viewed as a bag of a finite size, whose energy is contributed by the color fields within the hadron. In the large momentum frame, the…
The proton is one of the main building blocks of all visible matter in the universe. Among its intrinsic properties are its electric charge, mass, and spin. These emerge from the complex dynamics of its fundamental constituents, quarks and…
Understanding the internal structure of the proton-including the distributions of quarks and gluons and their contributions to proton properties such as mass-remains a central challenge in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). While quark…
The fundamental building blocks of the proton, quarks and gluons, have been known for decades. However, we still have an incomplete theoretical and experimental understanding of how these particles and their dynamics give rise to the…
We study the hadron-quark phase transition in the interior of protoneutron stars. For the hadronic sector, we use a microscopic equation of state involving nucleons and hyperons derived within the finite-temperature…
The mass radius is a fundamental property of the proton that so far has not been determined from experiment. Here we show that the mass radius of the proton can be rigorously defined through the formfactor of the trace of the…
The QCD equation of state at finite temperature and densities of conserved charges is considered in the framework of a Hagedorn bag-like model, incorporating both the finite sizes of hadrons as well as their exponential mass spectrum.…
The present paper is based upon ideas and results obtained in an earlier paper by the author devoted to a new formulation of quantum electrodynamics. The equations derived in that paper depict the structure and properties of the electron as…
The visible Universe is largely characterised by a single mass-scale; namely, the proton mass, $m_p$. Contemporary theory suggests that $m_p$ emerges as a consequence of gluon self-interactions, which are a defining characteristic of…
The properties of dense QCD matter are delineated through the construction of equations of state which should be consistent with the low and high density limits of QCD, nuclear laboratory experiments, and the neutron star observations.…
We study the internal structure of the proton and propose a shell structure model of the proton. Based on the mass distribution and mass radius of proton we analyze the experiments at different energy scales and conclude that there should…