相关论文: Equilibria in the Troposphere
We demonstrate that a gas of classical particles trapped in an external asymmetric potential undergoes a quasiperiodic motion, if the temperature of its initial velocity distribution $T_{ne}$ differs from the equilibrium temperature,…
A living polymers transition is found in molecular dynamics simulations of a charge-symmetric size-asymmetric electrolyte with no anisotropic interactions. The fluid has strong polymeric character at low temperatures, where it consists of…
In stationary spacetimes global equilibrium states can be defined, applying the maximum entropy principle, by the introduction of local thermodynamic fields determined solely by geometry. As an example, we study a class of equilibrium…
A framework is introduced to compare moist `potential' temperatures. The equivalent potential temperature, $\theta_e,$ the liquid water potential temperature, $\theta_\ell,$ and the entropy potential temperature, $\theta_s$, are all shown…
It has been researched the kinetics of the thermal equilibrium's establishment in an early Universe under the assumption of the recovery of interaction scaling of elementary particles in range of superhigh energies. The case of the thermal…
An exact model is proposed for a gray, isotropically scattering planetary atmosphere in radiative equilibrium. The slab is illuminated on one side by a collimated beam and is bounded on the other side by an emitting and partially reflecting…
We show that observing the trajectories of confined particles in a thermal equilibrium state yields an estimate on the free-space diffusion coefficient. For generic trapping potentials and interactions between particles, the estimate comes…
We present a computationally efficient 1-D seasonal radiative model, with convective adjustment, of Jupiter's atmosphere. Our model takes into account radiative forcings from the main hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, acetylene), ammonia,…
The positivity conditions of the relative entropy between two thermal equilibrium states $\hat{\rho}_1$ and $\hat{\rho}_2$ are used to obtain upper and lower bounds for the subtraction of their entropies, the Helmholtz potential and the…
Thermodynamical equilibrium is considered as an effect of quantum entangling of the vacuum state of a system. An explicit mathematical model of multi- particle entangled pure quantum states is developed and analyzed. In the framework, the…
The stochastic differential equations for a model of dissipative particle dynamics, with both total energy and total momentum conservation at every time-step, are presented. The algorithm satisfies detailed balance as well as the…
We extend the description of equivalent-barotropic equations for exoplanets to the diabatic case -- that is, with explicit heating and/or cooling representation, rather than with a stationary deflection of the bottom bounding surface. In…
In geometrothermodynamics (GTD), to study the geometric properties of the equilibrium space three thermodynamic metrics have been proposed so far. These metrics are obtained by using the condition of Legendre invariance and can be computed…
Granular materials, such as sand or grain, exhibit many structural and dynamic characteristics similar to those observed in molecular systems, despite temperature playing no role in their properties. This has led to an effort to develop a…
The physical principles governing the planetary atmospheres are briefly introduced in the first part of this chapter, moving from the examples of Solar System bodies. Namely, the concepts of collisional regime, balance equations,…
Using the formalism of geometrothermodynamics, we investigate the geometric properties of the equilibrium manifold for diverse thermodynamic systems. Starting from Legendre invariant metrics of the phase manifold, we derive thermodynamic…
The theory of continuous phase transitions predicts the universal collective properties of a physical system near a critical point, which for instance manifest in characteristic power-law behaviours of physical observables. The…
The Tolman-Ehrenfest criterion for the thermal equilibrium of a fluid at rest in a static general-relativistic geometry is generalized to scalar-tensor gravity. Surprisingly, the gravitational scalar field, which fixes the strength of the…
We examine the long-term behaviour of non-integrable, energy-conserved, 1D systems of macroscopic grains interacting via a contact-only generalized Hertz potential and held between stationary walls. We previously showed that in homogeneous…
A simple model which can explain the observed vertical distribution and size spectrum of atmospheric aerosol has been proposed. The model is based on a new physical hypothesis for the vertical mass exchange between the troposphere and the…