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New HCN, HNC, and HCO+ measurements of 46 normal galaxies in transitions up to J=4-3 are included in a multitransition database covering HCN and HCO+ (130 galaxies) and HNC (94 galaxies). The near-linear luminosity relations are dominated…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2023-03-08 F. P. Israel

In this review, I discuss some highlights of recent research on molecular gas in galaxies; large-scale CO maps of nearby galaxies are being made, which extend our knowledge on global properties, radial gradients, and spiral structure of the…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2016-08-30 F. Combes

We present a detailed analysis of the relation between infrared luminosity and molecular line luminosity, for a variety of molecular transitions, using a sample of 34 nearby galaxies spanning a broad range of infrared luminosities (10^{10}…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2014-11-20 S. Juneau , D. T. Narayanan , J. Moustakas , Y. L. Shirley , R. S. Bussmann , R. C. Kennicutt , P. A. Vanden Bout

\abridged The nuclei of active galaxies harbor massive young stars, an accreting central black hole, or both. In order to determine the physical conditions that pertain to molecular gas close to the sources of radiation, numerical models…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-11 R. Meijerink , M. Spaans , F. P. Israel

The observed molecular properties of a sample of FIR-luminous and OH megamaser (OH-MM) galaxies have been investigated. The ratio of high and low-density tracer lines is found to be determined by the progression of the star formation in the…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 A. F. Loenen , W. A. Baan , M. Spaans

The HCN, HCO+, and HNC molecules are commonly used as tracers of dense star-forming gas in external galaxies, but such observations are spatially unresolved. Reliably inferring the properties of galactic nuclei and disks requires detailed…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-20 Helen Roberts , Floris van der Tak , Gary Fuller , René Plume , Estelle Bayet

Knowledge of the molecular component of the ISM is fundamental to understand star formation. The H2 component appears to dominate the gas mass in the inner parts of galaxies, while the HI component dominates in the outer parts. Observation…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-10-31 F. Combes

We present results from a study of the dense circum-nuclear molecular gas of starburst galaxies. The study aims to investigate the interplay between starbursts, active galactic nuclei and molecular gas. We characterise the dense gas traced…

Compiling data from literature and the ALMA archive, we show enhanced HCN(4-3)/HCO$^+$(4-3) and/or HCN(4-3)/CS(7-6) integrated intensity ratios in circumnuclear molecular gas around active galactic nuclei (AGNs) compared to those in…

Molecules that trace the high-density regions of the interstellar medium have been observed in (ultra-)luminous (far-)infrared galaxies, in order to initiate multiple-molecule multiple-transition studies to evaluate the physical and…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 W. A. Baan , C. Henkel , A. F. Loenen , A. Baudry , T. Wiklind

In order to study the distribution of dense molecular gas and its relation to the central activities (starburst and AGN) in galaxies, we have conducted an imaging survey of HCN(1-0) and HCO+(1-0) emissions from nearby spiral galaxies with…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Kotaro Kohno , Ryohei Kawabe , Toshihito Shibatsuka , Satoki Matsushita

We present the 3 mm wavelength spectra of 28 local galaxy merger remnants obtained with the Large Millimeter Telescope. Fifteen molecular lines from 13 different molecular species and isotopologues were identified, and 21 out of 28 sources…

We present the results of the first HCO+ survey probing the dense molecular gas content of a sample of 16 luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs). Previous work, based on HCN(1-0) observations, had shown that LIRGs…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-11 J. Gracia-Carpio , S. Garcia-Burillo , P. Planesas , L. Colina

Trends observed in galaxies, such as the Gao \& Solomon relation, suggest a linear relation between the star formation rate and the mass of dense gas available for star formation. Validation of such relations requires the establishment of…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2017-09-20 Jens Kauffmann , Paul F. Goldsmith , Gary Melnick , Volker Tolls , Andres Guzman , Karl M. Menten

Aims. The comparative study of several molecular species at the origin of the gas phase chemistry in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) is a key input in unraveling the coupled chemical and dynamical evolution of the ISM. Methods. The…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-19 Benjamin Godard , Edith Falgarone , Maryvonne Gerin , Pierre Hily-Blant , Massimo De Luca

We present a survey of 3 mm molecular lines in IRAS 04296+2923, one of the brightest known molecular-line emitting galaxies, and one of the closest LIRGs. Data are from the Owens Valley and CARMA millimeter interferometers. Species detected…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-23 David S. Meier , Jean L. Turner , Sara C. Beck

Observations of carbon monoxide (CO) emission in high redshift (z>2) galaxies indicate the presence of large amounts of molecular gas. Many of these galaxies contain an active galactic nucleus (AGN) powered by accretion of gas onto a…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2015-06-24 P. Solomon , P. Vanden Bout , C. Carilli , M. Guelin

Several studies of nearby active galaxies indicate significantly higher HCN-to-CO intensity ratios in AGN than in starburst (SB) environments. HCN enhancement can be caused by many different effects, such as higher gas…

The sample of nearby LIRGs and ULIRGs for which dense molecular gas tracers have been measured is building up, allowing for the study of the physical and chemical properties of the gas in the variety of objects in which the most intense…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 J. Gracia-Carpio , S. Garcia-Burillo , P. Planesas

It is still poorly constrained how the densest phase of the interstellar medium varies across galactic environment. A large observing time is required to recover significant emission from dense molecular gas at high spatial resolution, and…

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