相关论文: Rumsfeld Hadrons

Recent experimental findings of several mesons and baryons with "beauty" and "charm" as flavors remind us of the days when strangeness was discovered, and how its inclusion led to SU(3)-flavor symmetry with enormous success in the…

This is an improved and extended exposition of the modified formulas for accounting for Coulomb-nuclear interference in hadron scattering which is intended to dispel recently claimed doubts.

Science is a crowning glory of the human spirit and its applications remain our best hope for social progress. But there are limitations to current science and perhaps to any science. The general mind-body problem is known to be intractable…

The Doomsday argument and anthropic reasoning are two puzzling examples of probabilistic confirmation. In both cases, a lack of knowledge apparently yields surprising conclusions. Since they are formulated within a Bayesian framework, they…

We identify a number of decidable and undecidable fragments of first-order concatenation theory. We also give a purely universal axiomatization which is complete for the fragments we identify. Furthermore, we prove some normal-form results.

Two types of approximation to the paradoxical Russell Set are presented, one approximating it from below, one from above. It is shown that any lower approximation gives rise to a better approximation containing it, and that any upper…

Binary classification models which can assign probabilities to categories such as "the tissue is 75% likely to be tumorous" or "the chemical is 25% likely to be toxic" are well understood statistically, but their utility as an input to…

A new and natural description of the category of unstable modules over the Steenrod algebra as a category of comodules over a bialgebra is given; the theory extends and unifies the work of Carlsson, Kuhn, Lannes, Miller, Schwartz, Zarati…

Higher-order unification has been shown to be undecidable. Miller discovered the pattern fragment and subsequently showed that higher-order pattern unification is decidable and has most general unifiers. We extend the algorithm to…

Automated decision-making systems are becoming increasingly ubiquitous, which creates an immediate need for their interpretability and explainability. However, it remains unclear whether users know what insights an explanation offers and,…

Reasoning about unpredicted change consists in explaining observations by events; we propose here an approach for explaining time-stamped observations by surprises, which are simple events consisting in the change of the truth value of a…

The material conditional has long been charged with paradox. Defined truth-functionally, it renders true any conditional whose antecedent is false or consequent true -- hence, seemingly absurd statements such as `If unicorns exist, then…

In most of the proposals for new physics beyond the standard model, neutrinos have new interactions and some of them have phenomenological consequences that, although at present they may seem purely academic, probably will have to be taken…

The avoidability, or unavoidability of patterns in words over finite alphabets has been studied extensively. A word (pattern) over a finite set is said to be unavoidable if, for all but finitely many words, there exists a morphism mapping…

Given everyday artifacts, such as tables and chairs, humans recognize high-level regularities within them, such as the symmetries of a table, the repetition of its legs, while possessing low-level priors of their geometries, e.g., surfaces…

QCD predicts the existence of the perturbative Pomeron and of the Odderon. But both of them appear to be rather difficult to observe experimentally. We describe the experimental status of these two objects, discuss possible reasons for…

Is the new state of matter formed in relativistic heavy ion collisions the deconfined quark--gluon plasma? We survey the status of several strange hadron observables and discuss how these measurement help understand the dense hadronic…

Large probabilistic models are often shaped by a pool of known individuals (a universe) and relations between them. Lifted inference algorithms handle sets of known individuals for tractable inference. Universes may not always be known,…

We present a higher-categorical generalization of the "Karoubi envelope" construction from ordinary category theory, and prove that, like the ordinary Karoubi envelope, our higher Karoubi envelope is the closure for absolute limits. Our…

When exploring a new dataset, Data Scientists often apply analysis queries, look for insights in the resulting dataframe, and repeat to apply further queries. We propose in this paper a novel solution that assists data scientists in this…