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Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two users to exchange a provably secure key for cryptographic applications. In prepare-and-measure QKD protocols, the states must be indistinguishable to prevent information leakage to an eavesdropper…

We present a review on the historic development of the decoy state method, including the background, principles, methods, results and development. We also clarify some delicate concepts. Given an imperfect source and a very lossy channel,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-09-08 Xiang-Bin Wang

The existing decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) beating photon-number-splitting (PNS) attack provides a more accurate method to estimate secure key rate, while it still considers that only single-photon pulses can generate secure…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-04-04 Xiao-Ming Chen , Lei Chen , Ya-Long Yan , Yan-Lin Tang

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) can easily be obscured if the eavesdropper can utilize technical imperfections of the actual implementation. Here we describe and experimentally demonstrate a very simple but highly effective…

Security formulas of quantum key distribution (QKD) with imperfect resources are obtained for finite-length code when the decoy method is applied. This analysis is useful for guaranteeing the security of implemented QKD systems. Our…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Masahito Hayashi

In this paper, security of practically decoy state quantum key distribution under fake state attack is considered. If quantum key distribution is insecure under this type of attack, decoy sources can not also provide it with enough…

量子物理 · 物理学 2012-02-16 Yong-gang Tan

We analyse the distribution of secure keys using quantum cryptography based on the continuous variable degree of freedom of entangled photon pairs. We derive the information capacity of a scheme based on the spatial entanglement of photons…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Lijian Zhang , Christine Silberhorn , Ian A. Walmsley

In this paper, a new decoy-state scheme for quantum key distribution with parametric down-conversion source is proposed. We use both three-intensity decoy states and their triggered and nontriggered components to estimate the fraction of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Qin Wang , Xiang-Bin Wang , Gunnar Bjork , Anders Karlsson

Recently, a quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme based on entanglement swapping, called measurement-device-independent QKD (mdiQKD), was proposed to bypass all detector side-channel attacks. While mdiQKD is conceptually elegant and offers…

量子物理 · 物理学 2014-12-18 Charles Ci Wen Lim , Boris Korzh , Anthony Martin , Felix Bussieres , Rob Thew , Hugo Zbinden

We propose a schematic setup of quantum key distribution (QKD) with an improved secret key rate based on high-dimensional quantum states. Two degrees-of-freedom of a single photon, orbital angular momentum modes, and multi-path modes, are…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-01-29 Yonggi Jo , Hee Su Park , Seung-Woo Lee , Wonmin Son

The decoy-state method is widely used in practical quantum key distribution systems to replace ideal single photon sources with realistic light sources by varying intensities. Instead of active modulation, the passive decoy-state method…

We present two new schemes for quantum key distribution (QKD) that neither require entanglement nor an ideal single-photon source, making them implementable with commercially available single-photon sources. These protocols are shown to be…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-05-13 Arindam Dutta , Anirban Pathak

The secure transfer of information is an important problem in modern telecommunications. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a solution to this problem by using individual quantum systems to generate correlated bits between remote…

量子物理 · 物理学 2013-08-02 S. Etcheverry , G. Cañas , E. S. Gómez , W. A. T. Nogueira , C. Saavedra , G. B. Xavier , G. Lima

Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically offers unconditional security. Unfortunately, the gap between theory and practice threatens side-channel attacks on practical QKD systems. Many well-known QKD protocols use weak coherent laser…

The decoy-state method is a standard enhancement to quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols that has enabled countless QKD experiments with inexpensive light sources. However, new technological advancements might require further…

In this paper, we present a scheme for quantum key distribution, in which different-frequency photons are used to encode the key. Thses different-frequency photons are produced by an acoustic-optical modulator and two kinds of narrow…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-11-06 Bao-Sen Shi , Yun-Kun Jiang , Guang-Can Guo

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables the sharing of cryptographic keys secured by quantum mechanics. The BB84 protocol assumed single-photon sources, but practical systems rely on weak coherent pulses vulnerable to photon-number-splitting…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-06-03 Ibrahim Almosallam

Twin-Field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) represents a novel QKD approach whose principal merit is to beat the point-to-point private capacity of a lossy quantum channel, thanks to performing single-photon interference in an untrusted…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-07-14 Federico Grasselli , Marcos Curty

To the active basis choice decoy state quantum key distribution systems with detector efficiency mismatch, we present a modified attack strategy, which is based on faked states attack, with quantum nondemolition measurement ability to…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-07-24 Fei Yangyang , Gao Ming , Wang Weilong , Li Chaobo , Ma Zhi

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables secure key sharing between distant parties, with several protocols proven resilient against conventional eavesdropping strategies. Here, we introduce a new attack scenario where an eavesdropper, Eve,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-02-11 Sumit Nandi , Biswaranjan Panda , Pankaj Agrawal , Arun K Pati