地球物理
Periodic sediment patterns have been observed on Earth in riverbeds and sand and snow deserts, but also in other planetary environments. One of the most ubiquitous patterns, familiar wind or 'impact' ripples, adorns sand beaches and arid…
Fluid movement beneath volcanic regions can influence earthquake activity, but the processes linking seismic and volcanic systems are not fully understood. In early 2025, an unusual seismic sequence occurred close to Santorini, providing…
With heightened mining intensity, the incidence of coal bursts is escalating, necessitating advanced understanding and prediction techniques. This research delves into the intricacies of coal burst mechanisms, proposing a novel theoretical…
We used 3D plane wave migration to image topography of the upper mantle discontinuities at 410 km and 660 km depth that defines the transition zone. We find both discontinuities have topography variation at all resolvable scales. In this…
Seismic velocity filtering is a critical technique in seismic exploration, designed to enhance the quality of effective signals by suppressing or eliminating interference waves. Traditional transform-domain methods, such as…
Foundation models, as a mainstream technology in artificial intelligence, have demonstrated immense potential across various domains in recent years, particularly in handling complex tasks and multimodal data. In the field of geophysics,…
This paper examines mathematical models for processing classical horizontal geodetic (triangulation and trilateration) networks. Two rigorous parametric adjustment models are discussed. The first one is a well-known model of adjustment in…
In seismic imaging, understanding the relationship between wavefront-propagation velocity and time-interval velocity is crucial for achieving optimal resolution. However, this task becomes even more challenging when considering anisotropic…
Finding the initial depth-to-water table (DTWT) configuration of a catchment is a critical challenge when simulating the hydrological cycle with integrated models, significantly impacting simulation outcomes. Traditionally, this involves…
Direct economic impacts of flooding are essential for flood mitigation policies, and are based upon multiple tools, among which 2D hydrodynamic models. These models are dependent on multiple parameters and data, such as topography, and can…
We present Dargana, a fine-tuned variant of the EarthPT time-series foundation model that achieves specialisation using <3% of its pre-training data volume and 5% of its pre-training compute. Dargana is fine-tuned to generate regularly…
In this study, we develop a Diffusion Transformer (referred as to DiT1D) for synthesizing realistic earthquake time histories. The DiT1D generates realistic broadband accelerograms (0-30 Hz resolution), constrained at low frequency by…
To track rapid changes within our water sector, Global Water Models (GWMs) need to realistically represent hydrologic systems' response patterns - such as baseflow fraction - but are hindered by their limited ability to learn from data.…
Full waveform inversion (FWI) updates the velocity model by minimizing the discrepancy between observed and simulated data. However, discretization errors in numerical modeling and incomplete seismic data acquisition can introduce noise,…
The proliferation of satellite megaconstellations in low Earth orbit (LEO) represents a significant advancement in global broadband connectivity. However, we urgently need to understand the potential environmental impacts, particularly…
Accurate seismic imaging and velocity estimation are essential for subsurface characterization. Conventional inversion techniques, such as full-waveform inversion, remain computationally expensive and sensitive to initial velocity models.…
In a variety of geoscientific applications scientists often need to image properties of the Earth's interior in order to understand the heterogeneity and processes taking place within the Earth. Seismic tomography is one such method which…
Underground energy storage, which includes storage of hydrogen, compressed air, and CO2, requires careful monitoring to track potential leakage pathways, a situation where time-lapse seismic imaging alone may be inadequate. A recently…
Rock and ice are ubiquitous geologic materials. While apparently solid, they also exhibit fluid behavior under stress - a property termed viscoelasticity. Viscoelastic convection of Earth's mantle drives tectonic plate motion with…
Spatially 3-dimensional seismic full waveform inversion (3D FWI) is a highly nonlinear and computationally demanding inverse problem that constructs 3D subsurface seismic velocity structures using seismic waveform data. To characterise…