加速器物理
The nonlinear space-charge effects play an important role in high intensity/high brightness accelerators. These effects can be self-consistently studied using multi-particle simulations. In this lecture, we will discuss the particle-in-cell…
One of the most severe limitations in particle accelerators and beam transport are non-linear effects. Techniques to study and possibly suppress some of these detrimental effects exist, the most popular are based on particle tracking and…
Gas load and pumping determine the quality of vacuum systems. In particle accelerators, once leaks are excluded, outgassing of materials is an important source of gas together with degassing induced by particle beams. Understanding,…
Studies were made into the arise and an evolution of the beam breakup (BBU) instability in a rectangular dielectric resonator under excitation by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches. The dielectric resonator is a metal rectangular…
This paper presents a simulation study of a permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) with a minimum-B quadrupole magnetic field topology. The magnetic field is made to conform to conventional ECRIS with…
We investigate the radiation from a bunch of relativistic electrons moving along the cylindrical waveguide axis, assuming that the waveguide is partially loaded by a medium with periodic dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability.…
The concepts of wake fields and impedance are introduced to describe the electromagnetic interaction of a bunch of charged particles with its environment in an particle accelerator. The wake fields can act back on the beam and lead to…
An overview of beam-gas interactions in particle accelerators is presented. The paper is focused on a few examples and tries to present basic concepts with simple formulae that should allow the reader to perform order-of-magnitude estimates…
Particulates and dust can limit accelerator performance in various ways. In this paper the basic properties and mechanisms of contaminations due to particulates are described. With this knowledge countermeasures can be implemented to…
In modern high-intensity accelerators, the circulating beam interacts in many ways with the vacuum beam pipe, causing a variety of different phenomena. Most of them have been discussed at length in other contributions to this CAS report. I…
This lecture gives an introduction to the basic physics of the electrical conductivity of metals, its temperature dependence and its limiting factors. We will then introduce the concept of surface resistance, of high relevance in…
This lecture is a brief introduction to charged particle accelerators. The aim is to provide the reader with basic concepts and tools needed to describe the motion of charged particles under the action of guiding and focussing fields, with…
Ion Getter Pumps (IGP) are used to create ultra-high-vacuum. The IGP operation is triggered by the Penning cell structure, which uses a combination of electrical and magnetic fields to confine electrons and start ionization and getter…
Total pressure gauges are used to measure the level of vacuum in a system independent of the gas species. Partial pressure analysers measure the occurrence of each gas species separately. This report explains the methodology of measurement,…
In modern accelerators, stringent requirements are placed on the materials used for vacuum systems. Their physical and mechanical properties, machinability, weldability and brazeability are key parameters. Adequate strength, ductility,…
The Supper Proton-Proton Collider is a next-generation hadron collider that is now being designed. A baseline design aims for a peak luminosity of about 1*10^35 cm^-2 s^-1. The focus of this article is the effect of beam-beam interactions…
A good vacuum performance in particle accelerators is vital for their successful operation. The reasons why a good vacuum is needed, together with the basics of vacuum physics and technology and the main gas sources inside the vacuum…
This chapter takes a look at how beam diagnostic systems can be used to commission, optimise and solve issues on high energy colliders.
This introduction on beam position monitors (BPM) summarizes the fundamental parts of the tutorial presented at the CAS 2018 on beam instrumentation. The focus is on the signal detection and normalization, and on the principle of operation…
The proposed Beam Dump Facility (BDF) is foreseen to be located at the North Area of the SPS. It is designed to be able to serve both beam dump like and fixed target experiments. The SPS and the new facility would offer unique possibilities…