计算机与社会
Micro-scale street-level economic assessment is fundamental for precision spatial resource allocation. While Street View Imagery (SVI) advances urban sensing, existing approaches remain semantically superficial and overlook brand hierarchy…
Automated scoring of student work at scale requires balancing accuracy against cost and latency. In "cascade" systems, small language models (LMs) handle easier scoring tasks while escalating harder ones to larger LMs -- but the challenge…
Residential energy retrofit initiation is often stalled by an expertise gap, where homeowners lack the technical literacy required for structured building energy assessments and are thereby trapped in low-information environments with…
Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational in modern language-driven software applications, profoundly influencing daily life. A critical technique in leveraging their potential is role-playing, where LLMs simulate diverse roles…
Face-to-face interactions between police officers and the public affect both individual well-being and democratic legitimacy. Many government-public interactions are captured on video, including interactions between police officers and…
Fairness audits of institutional risk models are critical for understanding how deployed machine learning pipelines allocate resources. Drawing on multi-year collaboration with Centennial College, where our prior ethnographic work…
LLMs are increasingly being considered for prediction tasks in high-stakes social service settings, but their algorithmic fairness properties in this context are poorly understood. In this short technical report, we audit the algorithmic…
Undergraduates in work-based learning experiences often produce meaningful contributions as viewed by their supervisors, yet report a negative perception of their contributions because they struggled during the process or produced only a…
A series of high-profile tragedies involving companion chatbots has triggered an unusually rapid regulatory response. Several jurisdictions, including Australia, California, and New York, have introduced enforceable regulation, while…
As generative artificial intelligence becomes increasingly embedded in educational practice, a central concern is whether students use AI as cognitive support or as a substitute for thinking. Prior research shows that learners recognise…
Vaccination remains a cornerstone of global public health, yet the COVID-19 pandemic exposed how online misinformation, political polarization, and declining institutional trust can undermine immunization efforts. Most of the prior…
Global corporate AI investment reached $252.3 billion in 2024, yet only 6% of firms report significant earnings impact. This article argues that AI project failure is fundamentally an organizational learning problem rather than a technology…
The strong and continuous increase of AI-based services leads to the steady proliferation of AI data centres worldwide with the unavoidable escalation of their power consumption. It is unknown how this energy demand for computational…
Over the last 35 years, the sharing of medical data and models for research has evolved from sneakernet to the internet - from mailing magnetic tapes and compact discs of a handful of well-curated recordings, to the high-speed download of…
Because artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly mediates organizational work, fairness has become a critical governance challenge. Existing frameworks often prioritize abstract ethical principles rather than fairness-specific ones and…
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in clinical settings, raising concerns about racial bias in both generated medical text and clinical reasoning. Existing studies have identified bias in medical LLMs, but many focus on…
Risk decision systems in fraud detection and credit scoring operate under structural label absence: ground truth arrives weeks to months after decisions are made. During this blind period, model performance may degrade silently, eroding the…
(1)Cross-border data transfers have become a matter of daily occurrence against the backdrop of the development of cloud computing and artificial intelligence. Consequently, where a data leak gives rise to civil liability, the determination…
Climate-driven wildfires are intensifying, particularly in urban regions such as Southern California. Yet, traditional fire risk communication tools often fail to gain public trust due to inaccessible design, non-transparent outputs, and…
Generative AI systems have entered everyday academic, professional, and personal life with remarkable speed, yet most users encounter them as mysterious artifacts rather than intelligible systems. This chapter discusses large language…