地球与行星天体物理

Context. Understanding the optical properties of astrophysical ices is crucial for modeling dust continuum emission and radiative transfer in cold, dense interstellar environments. Molecular nitrogen (N$_2$), a major nitrogen reservoir in…

Most circumbinary planets have been discovered by their transits, limiting our understanding of such systems to those with mutually coplanar architectures. This bias makes it difficult to infer the true circumbinary planet population,…

Planet formation simulations consistently predict compact systems of numerous small planets in chains of mean motion resonances formed by planet-disk interaction, but transiting planet surveys have found most systems to be non-resonant and…

Lunar dust -- the sub-millimeter fraction of the regolith -- controls the optical, thermophysical, electrical, mechanical, and environmental behavior of the Moon's surface. These properties set the performance envelopes of remote-sensing…

Robust impact monitoring of near-Earth objects is an essential task of planetary defense. Current systems such as NASA's Sentry-II, the University of Pisa's CLOMON2, and ESA's Aegis have been highly successful, but independent approaches…

We present a comprehensive Bayesian statistical analysis of brown dwarf companions to investigate the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed ``brown dwarf desert'' -- the notable paucity of brown dwarf companions at orbital…

Color ratios derived from molecular hydrogen emissions provide valuable diagnostics for the energy of precipitating electrons and the structure of the auroral atmosphere. We aim to characterize the horizontal and vertical variability of…

While most of the 6000 discovered exoplanets are highly unlike the Earth, the first rocky worlds in the Habitable Zone (HZ) provide intriguing targets for the search for life in the cosmos. As detections increase, it is critical to test the…

The Quick-Look Pipeline (QLP; Huang et al. 2020, Kunimoto et al. 2021 and references therein) generates light curves for up to 2 million stars every 27.4 days observed by TESS as part of its planet search. As machine learning methods enable…

WISPIT 2 is a nearby young star with a multi-ringed disk which was recently confirmed to host a ~4.9 MJup gas giant planet embedded in a large (60 au) gap at a radial separation of 57 au from the host star. We confirm and characterise a…

Recent observations by the JIRAM instrument onboard NASA's Juno mission have confirmed that many of Io's volcanic hot spots are active lava lakes, characterized by a colder central crust surrounded by a hotter peripheral ring. In this…

Planets in binary-star systems exhibit demographic differences compared to planets in single-star systems. In particular, planets with binary-star hosts have a lower overall occurrence rate compared to their single-star counterparts, as…

New Horizons RALPH/LEISA near-infrared spectra allow for regional mapping of Pluto's surface ices and their physical state; however, scan-to-scan artifacts and variable spatial resolution complicate quantitative interpretation. We extend…

It is thought that, sometime after their formation, the solar system's giant planets experienced a dynamical instability that caused their orbits to excite, diverge, and ejected one or more objects with masses comparable to the ice giants.…

Stellar activity remains one of the main limitations in the detection of Earth-like planets using radial velocity (RV) measurements. The Sun, as the only star for which surface features can be spatially resolved, offers a unique testbed for…

Understanding the origin of the Earth requires determining the original formation location of its building material. Based on the similar Fe isotopic composition of Earth's mantle and Ivuna-type (CI) chondrites, a prior study has argued…

Hot Jupiters (HJs), especially the Ultra-Hot Jupiters (UHJs), are ideal targets for robust atmospheric characterization, thanks to their high equilibrium temperatures and large atmospheric scale heights, which result from their proximity to…

We present an analysis of the photometric data of new main belt comet P/2023 JN16 (Lemmon) observed with the 1.35-m SkyMapper telescope at Siding Spring Observatory in 2024 during July - September. The faint object showed dusty activity…

Magnetic fields play a fundamental role in protostellar collapse and disk formation, yet direct measurements of magnetic field strength in deeply embedded protostellar envelopes remain difficult. We present a new method to estimate both the…

Interstellar objects are interlopers from other planetary systems, and their volatile compositions provide a glimpse into planet formation around their host star. We present near-infrared spectra of the coma of interstellar object 3I/ATLAS…