M87中黑洞图像在动力学时间尺度上的变异性
高能天体物理现象
2024-09-04 v1
摘要
由事件视界望远镜（EHT）获得的黑洞图像预计在其视界附近的动力学时间尺度上呈现变异。对于M87星系中心的黑洞，该时间尺度（5-61天）与2017年EHT观测的6天时长相当。沿基线三角形的闭合相位是稳健的干涉可观测量，对预期的图像结构变化敏感，且不受基于台站的大气与仪器误差影响。我们探究了由2017年观测可构成的全部六个线性独立非平凡基线三角形上闭合相位测量的逐日变异性。我们表明三个三角形表现出极低的逐日变异性，离散度为。唯一表现出显著更高变异性（）的三角形，是那些基线在平面上跨越可见度振幅极小值的三角形，与理论建模预期一致。我们使用两组广义相对论磁流体动力学模拟来探究预测变异性对各种黑洞与吸积流参数的依赖。我们发现改变磁场构型、电子温度模型或黑洞自旋对模型与观测变异性水平的一致性影响甚微。另一方面，模型最具判别力的图像特征是亮发射环的分数宽度。最能再现观测到的小变异性水平的模型以薄环类图像为特征，其结构由引力透镜效应主导，因而受吸积等离子体湍流影响最小。
引用
@article{arxiv.2111.01317,
title = {The Variability of the Black-Hole Image in M87 at the Dynamical Time Scale},
author = {Kaushik Satapathy and Dimitrios Psaltis and Feryal Ozel and Lia Medeiros and Sean T. Dougall and Chi-kwan Chan and Maciek Wielgus and Ben S. Prather and George N. Wong and Charles F. Gammie and Kazunori Akiyama and Antxon Alberdi and Walter Alef and Juan Carlos Algaba and Richard Anantua and Keiichi Asada and Rebecca Azulay and Anne-Kathrin Baczko and David R. Ball and Mislav Baloković and John Barrett and Bradford A. Benson and Dan Bintley and Lindy Blackburn and Raymond Blundell and Wilfred Boland and Katherine L. Bouman and Geoffrey C. Bower and Hope A. Boyce and Michael Bremer and Christiaan D. Brinkerink and Roger Brissenden and Silke Britzen and Avery E. Broderick and Dominique Broguiere and Thomas Bronzwaer and Sandra Bustamente and Do-Young Byun and John E. Carlstrom and Andrew Chael and Koushik Chatterjee and Shami Chatterjee and Ming-Tang Chen and Yongjun Chen and Ilje Cho and Pierre Christian and John E. Conway and James M. Cordes and Thomas Crawford and Geoffrey B. Crew and Alejandro Cruz Osorio and Yuzhu Cui and Jordy Davelaar and Mariafelicia De Laurentis and Roger Deane and Jessica T. Dempsey and Gregory Desvignes and Jason Dexter and Sheperd S. Doeleman and Ralph Eatough and Heino Falcke and Joseph R. Farah and Vincent Fish and Edward B. Fomalont and H. Alyson Ford and Raquel Fraga-Encinas and Per Friberg and Christian M. Fromm and Antonio Fuentes and Peter Galison and Roberto García and Olivier Gentaz and Boris Georgiev and Ciriaco Goddi and Roman Gold and Arturo I. Gomez-Ruiz and Jose L. Gómez and Minfeng Gu and Mark A. Gurwell and Kazuhiro Hada and Daryl Haggard and Michael Hecht and Ronald Hesper and Luis C. Ho and Paul T. Ho and Mareki Honma and Chih-Wei L. Huang and Lei Huang and David H. Hughes and Shiro Ikeda and Makoto Inoue and Sara Issaoun and David J. James and Buell T. Jannuzi and Michael Janssen and Britton Jeter and Wu Jiang and Alejandra Jimenez Rosales and Michael D. Johnson and Svetlana G. Jorstad and Taehyun Jung and Mansour Karami and Ramesh Karuppusamy and Tomohisa Kawashima and Garrett K. Keating and Mark Kettenis and Dong-Jin Kim and Jae-Young Kim and Jongsoo Kim and Junhan Kim and Motoki Kino and Jun Yi Koay and Yutaro Kofuji and Patrick M. Koch and Shoko Koyama and Carsten Kramer and Michael Kramer and Thomas P. Krichbaum and Cheng-Yu Kuo and Tod R. Lauer and Sang-Sung Lee and Aviad Levis and Yan-Rong Li and Zhiyuan Li and Michael Lindqvist and Rocco Lico and Greg Lindahl and Jun Liu and Kuo Liu and Miss Elisabetta Liuzzo and Wen-Ping Lo and Andrei Lobanov and Laurent Loinard and Colin J. Lonsdale and Rusen Lu and Nicholas R. MacDonald and Jirong Mao and Nicola Marchili and Sera Markoff and Daniel Marrone and Alan P. Marscher and Ivan Marti-Vidal and Satoki Matsushita and Lynn Matthews and Karl M. Menten and Izumi Mizuno and Yosuke Mizuno and James Moran and Kotaro Moriyama and Monika Moscibrodzka and Cornelia Muller and Alejandro M. Mejias and Gibwa Musoke and Hiroshi Nagai and Neil M. Nagar and Masanori Nakamura and Ramesh Narayan and Gopal Narayanan and Iniyan Natarajan and Antonios Nathanail and Joey Neilsen and Roberto Neri and Chunchong Ni and Aristeidis Noutsos and Michael A. Nowak and Hiroki Okino and Hector Olivares and Gisela N. Ortiz-Leon and Tomoaki Oyama and Daniel C. Palumbo and Jongho Park and Nimesh A. Patel and Ue-Li Pen and Dominic W. Pesce and Vincent Pietu and Richard L. Plambeck and Aleksandar PopStefanija and Oliver Porth and Felix Potzl and Jorge A. Preciado-López and Hung-Yi Pu and Venkatessh Ramakrishnan and Ramprasad Rao and Mark Rawlings and Alexander W. Raymond and Luciano Rezzolla and Bart Ripperda and Freek Roelofs and Alan E. E. Rogers and Eduardo Ros and Mel Rose and Arash Roshanineshat and Helge Rottmann and Alan L. Roy and Chet Ruszczyk and Kazi Rygl and Salvador Sanchez and David Sanchez-Arguelles and Mahito Sasada and Tuomas Savolainen and F Peter Schloerb and Karl-Friedrich Schuster and Lijing Shao and Zhi-Qiang Shen and Des Small and Bong Won Sohn and Jason SooHoo and He Sun and Fumie Tazaki and Alexandra J. Tetarenko and Paul Tiede and Remo Tilanus and Michael Titus and Kenji Toma and Pablo Torne and E. Traianou and Tyler Trent and Sascha Trippe and Ilse van Bemmel and Huib Jan van Langevelde and Daniel R. van Rossum and Jan Wagner and Derek Ward-Thompson and John F. Wardle and Jonathan Weintroub and Norbert Wex and Robert Wharton and Kaj Wiik and Qingwen Wu and DooSoo Yoon and Andre Young and Ken H. Young and Ziri Younsi and Feng Yuan and Ye-Fei Yuan and J. Anton Zensus and Guang-Yao Zhao and Shan-Shan Zhao},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.01317},
year = {2024}
}
备注
Accepted for Publication in ApJ