软X射线暂现源EP241021a：来自大质量前身星的具有复杂离轴喷流和茧的宇宙爆炸
高能天体物理现象
2025-11-12 v2
摘要
X射线闪光(XRFs)是快速X射线暂现源，被认为是伽马射线暴(GRBs)的较软类比。凭借其软X射线灵敏度，爱因斯坦探针(EP)为研究这些事件提供了独特的机会。我们报告了EP探测到的软X射线暂现源EP241021a的多波段观测，并在主流XRF模型的框架下解释其余辉。暂现发射由EP-WXT和Fermi-GBM观测到，随后展开了涵盖射电(uGMRT、ATCA、e-MERLIN、ALMA)、光学(LBT、GTC、CAHA)和X射线(EP-FXT)的广泛联合观测。光变曲线和光谱均使用经验模型和物理模型（GRB模型以及球面膨胀模型，包括非相对论和弱相对论茧）进行分析。余辉显示出多个成分，与结构化喷流与复杂环境的相互作用一致。早期光学和X射线衰减由宽的低洛伦兹因子()翼部解释，而约7天时的再增亮来自离轴喷流核心。射电数据需要一个额外的弱相对论茧()，而晚期(70天)峰值在50 GHz的光谱成分暗示了第二个较慢的茧()。
引用
@article{arxiv.2505.05444,
title = {The soft X-ray transient EP241021a: A cosmic explosion with a complex off-axis jet and cocoon from a massive progenitor},
author = {Giulia Gianfagna and Luigi Piro and Gabriele Bruni and Aishwarya Linesh Thakur and Hendrik Van Eerten and Maria D. Caballero-García and Alberto Castro-Tirado and Yong Chen and Ye-hao Cheng and Maria Gritsevich and Sergiy Guziy and Han He and You-Dong Hu and Shumei Jia and Zhixing Ling and Elisabetta Maiorano and Rosita Paladino and Shashi B. Pandey and Roberta Tripodi and Andrea Rossi and Rubén Sánchez-Ramírez and Shuaikang Yang and Jianghui Yuan and Weimin Yuan and Chen Zhang},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.05444},
year = {2025}
}
备注
18 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics