English

The Radical Solution and Computational Complexity

Computational Complexity 2024-05-28 v1

Abstract

The radical solution of polynomials with rational coefficients is a famous solved problem. This paper found that it is a NP\mathbb{NP} problem. Furthermore, this paper found that arbitrary PP \mathscr{P} \in \mathbb{P} shall have a one-way running graph GG, and have a corresponding QNP\mathscr{Q} \in \mathbb{NP} which have a two-way running graph GG', GG and GG' is isomorphic, i.e., GG' is combined by GG and its reverse G1G^{-1}. When P\mathscr{P} is an algorithm for solving polynomials, G1G^{-1} is the radical formula. According to Galois' Theory, a general radical formula does not exist. Therefore, there exists an NP\mathbb{NP}, which does not have a general, deterministic and polynomial time-complexity algorithm, i.e., PNP\mathbb{P} \neq \mathbb{NP}. Moreover, this paper pointed out that this theorem actually is an impossible trinity.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2405.15790,
  title  = {The Radical Solution and Computational Complexity},
  author = {Bojin Zheng and Weiwu Wang},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.15790},
  year   = {2024}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T16:39:24.342Z