English

Stable periodic orbits for delay differential equations with unimodal feedback

Dynamical Systems 2024-12-11 v1

Abstract

We consider delay differential equations of the form y(t)=ay(t)+bf(y(t1)) y'(t)=-ay(t)+bf(y(t-1)) with positive parameters a,ba,b and a unimodal f:[0,)[0,1]f:[0,\infty)\to [0,1]. It is assumed that the nonlinear ff is close to a function g:[0,)[0,1]g:[0,\infty)\to [0,1] with g(ξ)=0g(\xi)=0 for all ξ>1\xi>1. The fact g(ξ)=0g(\xi)=0 for all ξ>1\xi>1 allows to construct stable periodic orbits for the equation x(t)=cx(t)+dg(x(t1))x'(t)=-cx(t)+dg(x(t-1)) with some parameters d>c>0d>c>0. Then it is shown that the equation y(t)=ay(t)+bf(y(t1)) y'(t)=-ay(t)+bf(y(t-1)) also has a stable periodic orbit provided a,b,fa,b,f are sufficiently close to c,d,gc,d,g in a certain sense. The examples include f(ξ)=ξk1+ξnf(\xi)=\frac{\xi^k}{1+\xi^n} for parameters k>0k>0 and n>0n>0 together with the discontinuous g(ξ)=ξkg(\xi)=\xi^k for ξ[0,1)\xi\in[0,1), and g(ξ)=0g(\xi)=0 for ξ>1\xi>1. The case k=1k=1 is the famous Mackey--Glass equation, the case k>1k>1 appears in population models with Allee effect, and the case k(0,1)k\in(0,1) arises in some economic growth models. The obtained stable periodic orbits may have complicated structures.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2407.18016,
  title  = {Stable periodic orbits for delay differential equations with unimodal feedback},
  author = {Gábor Benedek and Tibor Krisztin and Robert Szczelina},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.18016},
  year   = {2024}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T17:53:28.878Z