多环 elfs 的准恒定时间间隔
空间物理
2025-11-10 v1
摘要
我们提供了证据表明，elves 多环之间的时间延迟并非由产生于类闪电的电磁脉冲 (EMP) 地面反射所致。为探讨多 elfs 的时间差异，我们分析了四次在距 Pierre Auger 观测站（位于阿根廷马朗库）不同时间和距离发生的风暴。Auger 荧光探测器具有 100 ns 的高时间分辨率，使我们能够频繁观察到多 elfs，约占事件的 23%。通过分析 70 个双环和 24 个三环 elfs 的踪迹，我们证明了环之间的时间延迟在 lightning 的弧距离到诸多情况下仍保持相对恒定。这些结果与 EMP 地面反射模型所预测的趋势相符后者预测在给定高度的类闪电下，随着 arc 距离增加而减小时间延迟。首个发射环源于 EMP 直接到达离子层的路径，而反射 EMP 则产生第二个环。我们对该模型进行仿真，表明短能量类内脉冲可产生四峰 elfs，至少需要 25 s 的时间分辨率才能分辨它们。因此，时间分辨率在多 elfs 研究中至关重要。我们在阿根廷中部的科尔博瓦省的观测结果表明，当前对产生这些现象机制的理解可能不完整，需要进一步的研究来评估多 elfs 是否更可能与 lightning 的波形形状有关而非其高度。
引用
@article{arxiv.2511.05416,
title = {Quasi-constant time gap in multiple rings of elves},
author = {The Pierre Auger Collaboration and A. Abdul Halim and P. Abreu and M. Aglietta and I. Allekotte and K. Almeida Cheminant and A. Almela and R. Aloisio and J. Alvarez-Muñiz and A. Ambrosone and J. Ammerman Yebra and G. A. Anastasi and L. Anchordoqui and B. Andrada and L. Andrade Dourado and S. Andringa and L. Apollonio and C. Aramo and E. Arnone and J. C. Arteaga Velázquez and P. Assis and G. Avila and E. Avocone and A. Bakalova and F. Barbato and A. Bartz Mocellin and J. A. Bellido and C. Berat and M. E. Bertaina and M. Bianciotto and P. L. Biermann and V. Binet and K. Bismark and T. Bister and J. Biteau and J. Blazek and J. Blümer and M. Boháčová and D. Boncioli and C. Bonifazi and L. Bonneau Arbeletche and N. Borodai and J. Brack and P. G. Brichetto Orchera and F. L. Briechle and A. Bueno and S. Buitink and M. Buscemi and M. Büsken and A. Bwembya and K. S. Caballero-Mora and S. Cabana-Freire and L. Caccianiga and F. Campuzano and J. Caraça-Valente and R. Caruso and A. Castellina and F. Catalani and G. Cataldi and L. Cazon and M. Cerda and B. Čermáková and A. Cermenati and J. A. Chinellato and J. Chudoba and L. Chytka and R. W. Clay and A. C. Cobos Cerutti and R. Colalillo and R. Conceição and A. Condorelli and G. Consolati and M. Conte and F. Convenga and D. Correia dos Santos and P. J. Costa and C. E. Covault and M. Cristinziani and C. S. Cruz Sanchez and S. Dasso and K. Daumiller and B. R. Dawson and R. M. de Almeida and E. -T. de Boone and B. de Errico and J. de Jesús and S. J. de Jong and J. R. T. de Mello Neto and I. De Mitri and J. de Oliveira and D. de Oliveira Franco and F. de Palma and V. de Souza and E. De Vito and A. Del Popolo and O. Deligny and N. Denner and L. Deval and A. di Matteo and C. Dobrigkeit and J. C. D'Olivo and L. M. Domingues Mendes and Q. Dorosti and J. C. dos Anjos and R. C. dos Anjos and J. Ebr and F. Ellwanger and M. Emam and R. Engel and I. Epicoco and M. Erdmann and A. Etchegoyen and C. Evoli and H. Falcke and G. 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Leigui de Oliveira and Y. Lema-Capeans and A. Letessier-Selvon and I. Lhenry-Yvon and L. Lopes and J. P. Lundquist and A. Machado Payeras and M. Mallamaci and D. Mandat and B. C. Manning and P. Mantsch and F. M. Mariani and A. G. Mariazzi and I. C. Mariş and G. Marsella and D. Martello and S. Martinelli and M. A. Martins and H. -J. Mathes and J. Matthews and G. Matthiae and E. Mayotte and S. Mayotte and P. O. Mazur and G. Medina-Tanco and J. Meinert and D. Melo and A. Menshikov and C. Merx and S. Michal and M. I. Micheletti and L. Miramonti and M. Mogarkar and S. Mollerach and F. Montanet and L. Morejon and K. Mulrey and R. Mussa and W. M. Namasaka and S. Negi and L. Nellen and K. Nguyen and G. Nicora and M. Niechciol and D. Nitz and D. Nosek and A. Novikov and V. Novotny and L. Nožka and A. Nucita and L. A. Núñez and J. Ochoa and C. Oliveira and L. Östman and M. Palatka and J. Pallotta and S. Panja and G. Parente and T. Paulsen and J. Pawlowsky and M. Pech and J. Pękala and R. 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Scornavacche and A. Sedoski and A. Segreto and S. Sehgal and S. U. Shivashankara and G. Sigl and K. Simkova and F. Simon and R. Šmída and P. Sommers and R. Squartini and M. Stadelmaier and S. Stanič and J. Stasielak and P. Stassi and S. Strähnz and M. Straub and T. Suomijärvi and A. D. Supanitsky and Z. Svozilikova and Z. Szadkowski and F. Tairli and A. Tapia and C. Taricco and C. Timmermans and O. Tkachenko and P. Tobiska and C. J. Todero Peixoto and B. Tomé and A. Travaini and P. Travnicek and M. Tueros and M. Unger and R. Uzeiroska and L. Vaclavek and M. Vacula and I. Vaiman and J. F. Valdés Galicia and L. Valore and E. Varela and V. Vašíčková and A. Vásquez-Ramírez and D. Veberič and I. D. Vergara Quispe and S. Verpoest and V. Verzi and J. Vicha and J. Vink and S. Vorobiov and J. B. Vuta and C. Watanabe and A. A. Watson and A. Weindl and M. Weitz and L. Wiencke and H. Wilczyński and D. Wittkowski and B. Wundheiler and B. Yue and A. Yushkov and E. Zas and D. Zavrtanik and M. Zavrtanik},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.05416},
year = {2025}
}