OpenAI o1 系统卡
人工智能
2026-05-01 v2
摘要
o1 模型系列通过大规模强化学习训练，学习使用链式思考进行推理。这些先进的推理能力为提高模型的安全性和鲁棒性提供了新的途径。特别是，我们的模型能够在回应可能不安全的提示时，通过 deliberative 对齐方式，对我们的安全政策进行推理。这导致在某些风险基准测试中取得最先进性能，如生成非法建议、选择刻板化响应以及屈从已知越狱攻击。训练模型在作答前进行链式思考，可能带来显著的益处，同时也增加源于智能提升的潜在风险。我们的结果凸显了构建稳健对齐方法、广泛压力测试其有效性，以及保持严密风险管理程序的必要性。本报告概述了为 OpenAI o1 和 OpenAI o1-mini 模型所完成的安全工作，包括安全评估、外部红队测试和 Preparedness Framework 评估。
引用
@article{arxiv.2412.16720,
title = {OpenAI o1 System Card},
author = {OpenAI and : and Aaron Jaech and Adam Kalai and Adam Lerer and Adam Richardson and Ahmed El-Kishky and Aiden Low and Alec Helyar and Aleksander Madry and Alex Beutel and Alex Carney and Alex Iftimie and Alex Karpenko and Alex Tachard Passos and Alexander Neitz and Alexander Prokofiev and Alexander Wei and Allison Tam and Ally Bennett and Ananya Kumar and Andre Saraiva and Andrea Vallone and Andrew Duberstein and Andrew Kondrich and Andrey Mishchenko and Andy Applebaum and Angela Jiang and Ashvin Nair and Barret Zoph and Behrooz Ghorbani and Bohan Zhang and Ben Rossen and Benjamin Sokolowsky and Boaz Barak and Bob McGrew and Borys Minaiev and Botao Hao and Bowen Baker and Brandon Houghton and Brandon McKinzie and Brydon Eastman and Camillo Lugaresi and Cary Bassin and Cary Hudson and Chak Ming Li and Charles de Bourcy and Chelsea Voss and Chen Shen and Chong Zhang and Chris Koch and Chris Orsinger and Christopher Hesse and Claudia Fischer and Clive Chan and Dan Roberts and Daniel Kappler and Daniel Levy and Daniel Selsam and David Dohan and David Farhi and David Mely and David Robinson and Dimitris Tsipras and Doug Li and Dragos Oprica and Eben Freeman and Eddie Zhang and Edmund Wong and Elizabeth Proehl and Enoch Cheung and Eric Mitchell and Eric Wallace and Erik Ritter and Evan Mays and Fan Wang and Felipe Petroski Such and Filippo Raso and Florencia Leoni and Foivos Tsimpourlas and Francis Song and Fred von Lohmann and Freddie Sulit and Geoff Salmon and Giambattista Parascandolo and Gildas Chabot and Grace Zhao and Greg Brockman and Guillaume Leclerc and Hadi Salman and Haiming Bao and Hao Sheng and Hart Andrin and Hessam Bagherinezhad and Hongyu Ren and Hunter Lightman and Hyung Won Chung and Ian Kivlichan and Ian O'Connell and Ian Osband and Ignasi Clavera Gilaberte and Ilge Akkaya and Ilya Kostrikov and Ilya Sutskever and Irina Kofman and Jakub Pachocki and James Lennon and Jason Wei and Jean Harb and Jerry Twore and Jiacheng Feng and Jiahui Yu and Jiayi Weng and Jie Tang and Jieqi Yu and Joaquin Quiñonero Candela and Joe Palermo and Joel Parish and Johannes Heidecke and John Hallman and John Rizzo and Jonathan Gordon and Jonathan Uesato and Jonathan Ward and Joost Huizinga and Julie Wang and Kai Chen and Kai Xiao and Karan Singhal and Karina Nguyen and Karl Cobbe and Katy Shi and Kayla Wood and Kendra Rimbach and Keren Gu-Lemberg and Kevin Liu and Kevin Lu and Kevin Stone and Kevin Yu and Lama Ahmad and Lauren Yang and Leo Liu and Leon Maksin and Leyton Ho and Liam Fedus and Lilian Weng and Linden Li and Lindsay McCallum and Lindsey Held and Lorenz Kuhn and Lukas Kondraciuk and Lukasz Kaiser and Luke Metz and Madelaine Boyd and Maja Trebacz and Manas Joglekar and Mark Chen and Marko Tintor and Mason Meyer and Matt Jones and Matt Kaufer and Max Schwarzer and Meghan Shah and Mehmet Yatbaz and Melody Y. Guan and Mengyuan Xu and Mengyuan Yan and Mia Glaese and Mianna Chen and Michael Lampe and Michael Malek and Michele Wang and Michelle Fradin and Mike McClay and Mikhail Pavlov and Miles Wang and Mingxuan Wang and Mira Murati and Mo Bavarian and Mostafa Rohaninejad and Nat McAleese and Neil Chowdhury and Neil Chowdhury and Nick Ryder and Nikolas Tezak and Noam Brown and Ofir Nachum and Oleg Boiko and Oleg Murk and Olivia Watkins and Patrick Chao and Paul Ashbourne and Pavel Izmailov and Peter Zhokhov and Rachel Dias and Rahul Arora and Randall Lin and Rapha Gontijo Lopes and Raz Gaon and Reah Miyara and Reimar Leike and Renny Hwang and Rhythm Garg and Robin Brown and Roshan James and Rui Shu and Ryan Cheu and Ryan Greene and Saachi Jain and Sam Altman and Sam Toizer and Sam Toyer and Samuel Miserendino and Sandhini Agarwal and Santiago Hernandez and Sasha Baker and Scott McKinney and Scottie Yan and Shengjia Zhao and Shengli Hu and Shibani Santurkar and Shraman Ray Chaudhuri and Shuyuan Zhang and Siyuan Fu and Spencer Papay and Steph Lin and Suchir Balaji and Suvansh Sanjeev and Szymon Sidor and Tal Broda and Aidan Clark and Tao Wang and Taylor Gordon and Ted Sanders and Tejal Patwardhan and Thibault Sottiaux and Thomas Degry and Thomas Dimson and Tianhao Zheng and Timur Garipov and Tom Stasi and Trapit Bansal and Trevor Creech and Troy Peterson and Tyna Eloundou and Valerie Qi and Vineet Kosaraju and Vinnie Monaco and Vitchyr Pong and Vlad Fomenko and Weiyi Zheng and Wenda Zhou and Wenting Zhan and Wes McCabe and Wojciech Zaremba and Yann Dubois and Yinghai Lu and Yining Chen and Young Cha and Yu Bai and Yuchen He and Yuchen Zhang and Yunyun Wang and Zheng Shao and Zhuohan Li},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.16720},
year = {2026}
}