English

On $\left( 1,\omega_{1}\right) $\emph{-}weakly universal functions

Logic 2018-10-23 v1

Abstract

A function U:[ω1]2ωU:\left[ \omega_{1}\right] ^{2}\longrightarrow\omega is called (1,ω1)\left( 1,\omega_{1}\right) \emph{-weakly universal }if for every function F:[ω1]2ωF:\left[ \omega_{1}\right] ^{2}\longrightarrow\omega there is an injective function h:ω1ω1h:\omega_{1}\longrightarrow\omega_{1} and a function e:ωωe:\omega \longrightarrow\omega such that F(α,β)=e(U(h(α),h(β)))F\left( \alpha,\beta\right) =e\left( U\left( h\left( \alpha\right) ,h\left( \beta\right) \right) \right) for every α,βω1\alpha,\beta\in\omega_{1}. We will prove that it is consistent that there are no (1,ω1)\left( 1,\omega_{1}\right) \emph{-}weakly universal functions, this answers a question of Shelah and Stepr\={a}ns. In fact, we will prove that there are no (1,ω1)\left( 1,\omega_{1}\right) \emph{-}weakly universal functions in the Cohen model and after adding ω2\omega_{2} Sacks reals side-by-side. However, we show that there are (1,ω1)\left( 1,\omega _{1}\right) \emph{-}weakly universal functions in the Sacks model. In particular, the existence of such graphs is consistent with \clubsuit and the negation of the Continuum Hypothesis.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1810.09072,
  title  = {On $\left( 1,\omega_{1}\right) $\emph{-}weakly universal functions},
  author = {Osvaldo Guzman},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.09072},
  year   = {2018}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-23T04:47:42.327Z