English

Elements (functions) that are universal with respect to a minimal system

Functional Analysis 2023-06-21 v1

Abstract

We call an element UU conditionally universal for a sequential convergence space Ω\mathbf{\Omega} with respect to a minimal system {φn}n=1\{\varphi_n\}_{n=1}^\infty in a continuously and densely embedded Banach space XΩ\mathcal{X}\hookrightarrow\mathbf{\Omega} if the partial sums of its phase-modified Fourier series is dense in Ω\mathbf{\Omega}. We will call the element UU almost universal if the change of phases (signs) needs to be performed only on a thin subset of Fourier coefficients. In this paper we prove the existence of an almost universal element under certain assumptions on the system {φn}n=1\{\varphi_n\}_{n=1}^\infty. We will call a function UU asymptotically conditionally universal in a space L1(M)L^1(\mathcal{M}) if the partial sums of its phase-modified Fourier series is dense in L1(Fm)L^1(F_m) for an ever-growing sequence of subsets FmMF_m\subset\mathcal{M} with asymptotically null complement. Here we prove the existence of such functions UU under certain assumptions on the system {φn}n=1\{\varphi_n\}_{n=1}^\infty. Moreover, we show that every integrable function can be slightly modified to yield such a function UU. In particular, we establish the existence of almost universal functions for Lp([0,1])L^p([0,1]), p(0,1)p\in(0,1), and asymptotically conditionally universal functions for L1([0,1])L^1([0,1]), with respect to the trigonometric system.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2306.11156,
  title  = {Elements (functions) that are universal with respect to a minimal system},
  author = {Zhirayr Avetisyan and Martin Grigoryan and Michael Ruzhansky},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.11156},
  year   = {2023}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T11:09:05.278Z