English

Largest bipartite sub-matchings of a random ordered matching or a problem with socks

Combinatorics 2024-05-24 v2

Abstract

Let MM be an ordered matching of size nn, that is, a partition of the set [2n][2n] into 2-element subsets. The sock number of MM is the maximum size of a sub-matching of MM in which all left-ends of the edges precede all the right-ends (such matchings are also called bipartite). The name of this parameter comes from an amusing "real-life" problem posed by Bosek, concerning an on-line pairing of randomly picked socks from a drying machine. Answering one of Bosek's questions we prove that the sock number of a random matching of size nn is asymptotically equal to n/2n/2. Moreover, we prove that the expected average number of socks waiting for their match during the whole process is equal to 2n+16\frac{2n+1}{6}. Analogous results are obtained if socks come not in pairs, but in sets of size r2r\geq 2, which corresponds to a similar problem for random ordered rr-matchings. We also attempt to enumerate matchings with a given sock number.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2402.02223,
  title  = {Largest bipartite sub-matchings of a random ordered matching or a problem with socks},
  author = {Andrzej Dudek and Jarosław Grytczuk and Andrzej Ruciński},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.02223},
  year   = {2024}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T14:37:19.508Z