English

Isomorphisms of quadratic quasigroups

Combinatorics 2023-12-21 v3 Group Theory

Abstract

Let F\mathbb{F} be a finite field of odd order and a,bF{0,1}a,b\in\mathbb{F}\setminus\{0,1\} be such that χ(a)=χ(b)\chi(a) = \chi(b) and χ(1a)=χ(1b)\chi(1-a)=\chi(1-b), where χ\chi is the extended quadratic character. Let Qa,bQ_{a,b} be the quasigroup upon F\mathbb{F} defined by (x,y)x+a(yx)(x,y)\mapsto x+a(y-x) if χ(yx)0\chi(y-x) \ge 0, and (x,y)x+b(yx)(x,y)\mapsto x+b(y-x) if χ(yx)=1\chi(y-x) = -1. We show that Qa,bQc,dQ_{a,b} \cong Q_{c,d} if and only if {a,b}={α(c),α(d)}\{a,b\}= \{\alpha(c),\alpha(d)\} for some αaut(F)\alpha\in \textrm{aut}(\mathbb{F}). We also characterise aut(Qa,b)\textrm{aut}(Q_{a,b}) and exhibit further properties, including establishing when Qa,bQ_{a,b} is a Steiner quasigroup or is commutative, entropic, left or right distributive, flexible or semisymmetric. In proving our results we also characterise the minimal subquasigroups of Qa,bQ_{a,b}.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2211.09472,
  title  = {Isomorphisms of quadratic quasigroups},
  author = {Aleš Drápal and Ian M. Wanless},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.09472},
  year   = {2023}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T06:06:50.602Z