伽利略的双星:那个“证明”地球不动的实验
摘要
当新发现涉及各个层次学生都能理解的概念时,就为物理、天文及其历史的教学提供了巨大的机会。目前就存在这样一个机会,因为最近发现了伽利略的笔记,表明他观测了“北斗七星”中的双星开阳。根据当时的科学知识,他对这颗恒星的测量有力地支持了地球在空间中固定不动而非运动的观点。如果伽利略发表了这些结果,那么日心说在科学界被广泛接受的时间很可能会被显著推迟。鉴于这些笔记,他后来在《对话》中提到使用双星作为证明地球在运动的证据,就显得令人费解。伽利略工作背后的物理和数学知识对于物理和天文入门课程的学生来说很容易掌握,因此关于伽利略开阳工作及其有趣含义的讨论几乎可以在任何课堂上使用。
引用
@article{arxiv.physics/0606255,
title = {Galileo's Double Star: The Experiment That "Proved" the Earth Did Not Move},
author = {Christopher M. Graney},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:physics/0606255},
year = {2007}
}
备注
The first of two papers (both available on arXiv.org) on the subject of Galileo, stellar parallax, and the motion of the Earth. Of the two, this paper is written for a more general audience. It includes historical background information and explanation of the general phenomenon of parallax. The paper is particularly oriented towards use with introductory physics or astronomy classes. Second revision on arxiv (formatting improvements, typographical error corrections, a few minor wording changes). 16 pages including 3 figures