D-Egg：用于 IceCube 的双 PMT 光学模块
天体物理仪器与方法
2023-04-26 v1 高能物理 - 实验
摘要
D-Egg 是“Dual optical sensors in an Ellipsoid Glass for Gen2”的缩写，是为南极 IceCube 实验未来扩展而设计的光学模块之一。D-Egg 呈长球形，以在保持较小直径从而降低成本和冰川冰中部署孔钻探时间（光学模块部署深度可达 2700 米）的同时，最大化光子敏感有效面积。D-Egg 设计用于 IceCube Upgrade（IceCube 项目的下一阶段，亦称 IceCube-Gen2 Phase 1），其中近半数待部署的光学传感器为 D-Egg。每个模块配备两个 8 英寸高量子效率光电倍增管（PMT），在保留 IceCube 数字光学模块（DOM）成功设计的同时提供了更大的有效面积。波长相关有效面积与切伦科夫发射谱的卷积给出的有效光探测灵敏度是 IceCube DOM 的 2.8 倍。两个 PMT 各自的信号使用超低功耗 14 位模数转换器以 240 MSPS 采样频率进行数字化，可实现灵活的事件触发，以及对 10 纳秒内单光子信号至多光子超过 200 光电子的无缝无损事件记录。D-Egg 已量产完成，生产的 310 个中有 277 个将用于 IceCube Upgrade。本文报道 D-Egg 的设计，以及使用各 D-Egg 光学传感器模块内置数据采集系统在实验室测得量产 D-Egg 的灵敏度与单光子至多光子探测性能。
引用
@article{arxiv.2212.14526,
title = {D-Egg: a Dual PMT Optical Module for IceCube},
author = {R. Abbasi and M. Ackermann and J. Adams and N. Aggarwal and J. A. Aguilar and M. Ahlers and J. M. Alameddine and A. A. Alves and N. M. Amin and K. Andeen and T. Anderson and G. Anton and C. Argüelles and Y. Ashida and S. Athanasiadou and S. N. Axani and X. Bai and A. Balagopal V. and M. Baricevic and S. W. Barwick and V. Basu and R. Bay and J. J. Beatty and K. -H. Becker and J. Becker Tjus and J. Beise and C. Bellenghi and S. BenZvi and D. Berley and E. Bernardini and D. Z. Besson and G. Binder and D. Bindig and E. Blaufuss and S. Blot and F. Bontempo and J. Y. Book and J. Borowka and C. Boscolo Meneguolo and S. Böser and O. Botner and J. Böttcher and E. Bourbeau and J. Braun and B. Brinson and J. Brostean-Kaiser and R. T. Burley and R. S. Busse and M. A. Campana and K. Carloni and E. G. Carnie-Bronca and C. Chen and Z. Chen and D. Chirkin and S. Choi and B. A. Clark and L. Classen and A. Coleman and G. H. Collin and A. Connolly and J. M. Conrad and P. Coppin and P. 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Schwefer and S. Sclafani and D. Seckel and S. Seunarine and A. Sharma and S. Shefali and N. Shimizu and S. Shimizu and M. Silva and B. Skrzypek and B. Smithers and R. Snihur and J. Soedingrekso and A. Søgaard and D. Soldin and C. Spannfellner and G. M. Spiczak and C. Spiering and M. Stamatikos and T. Stanev and R. Stein and T. Stezelberger and T. Stürwald and T. Stuttard and G. W. Sullivan and I. Taboada and S. Ter-Antonyan and W. G. Thompson and J. Thwaites and S. Tilav and K. Tollefson and C. Tönnis and S. Toscano and D. Tosi and A. Trettin and C. F. Tung and R. Turcotte and J. P. Twagirayezu and B. Ty and M. A. Unland Elorrieta and K. Upshaw and N. Valtonen-Mattila and J. Vandenbroucke and N. van Eijndhoven and D. Vannerom and J. van Santen and J. Vara and J. Veitch-Michaelis and S. Verpoest and D. Veske and C. Walck and T. B. Watson and C. Weaver and J. Weber and P. Weigel and A. Weindl and J. Weldert and C. Wendt and J. Werthebach and M. Weyrauch and N. Whitehorn and C. H. 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journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.14526},
year = {2023}
}
备注
26 pages, 18 figures, 1 table