校准 LOFAR 测量的空气簇射的绝对幅度标度
天体物理仪器与方法
2015-12-29 v3 高能天体物理现象
摘要
宇宙射线诱发的空气簇射会产生在无线电频率上可探测的纳秒脉冲。这些脉冲在过去几年中已在 LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) 上成功测量，并被用于研究宇宙射线的性质。为了完全理解这一现象及其潜在物理过程，需要对探测天线系统进行绝对校准。我们提出了三种方法，用于检查并改进 LOFAR 的天线模型，并为空气簇射测量提供整个系统的绝对校准。两种方法是基于已校准的参考源，另一种是基于利用银河系弥漫射电辐射的校准方法，该方法针对短数据集进行了优化。达到了 19% 的幅度精度。该绝对校准还与空气簇射模拟的预测进行了比较。这些结果被用于设定空气簇射测量的绝对能量标度，并可作为 LOFAR 测量天文瞬变源的绝对标度的基础。
引用
@article{arxiv.1507.08932,
title = {Calibrating the absolute amplitude scale for air showers measured at LOFAR},
author = {A. Nelles and J. R. Hörandel and T. Karskens and M. Krause and S. Buitink and A. Corstanje and J. E. Enriquez and M. Erdmann and H. Falcke and A. Haungs and R. Hiller and T. Huege and R. Krause and K. Link and M. J. Norden and J. P. Rachen and L. Rossetto and P. Schellart and O. Scholten and F. G. Schröder and S. ter Veen and S. Thoudam and T. N. G. Trinh and K. Weidenhaupt and S. J. Wijnholds and J. Anderson and L. Bähren and M. E. Bell and M. J. Bentum and P. Best and A. Bonafede and J. Bregman and W. N. Brouw and M. Bruüggen and H. R. Butcher and D. Carbone and B. Ciardi and F. de Gasperin and S. Duscha and J. Eislöffel and R. A. Fallows and W. Frieswijk and M. A. Garrett and M. P. van Haarlem and G. Heald and M. Hoeft and A. Horneffer and M. Iacobelli and E. Juette and A. Karastergiou and J. Kohler and V. I. Kondratiev and M. Kuniyoshi and G. Kuper and J. van Leeuwen and P. Maat and R. McFadden and D. McKay-Bukowski and E. Orru and H. Paas and M. Pandey-Pommier and V. N. Pandey and R. Pizzo and A. G. Polatidis and W. Reich and H. Röttgering and D. Schwarz and M. Serylak and J. Sluman and O. Smirnov and C. Tasse and M. C. Toribio and R. Vermeulen and R. J. van Weeren and R. A. M. J. Wijers and O. Wucknitz and P. Zarka},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1507.08932},
year = {2015}
}
备注
34 pages, 10 figures