Benchmarking the design of the cryogenics system for the underground argon in DarkSide-20k
仪器与探测器
2025-02-20 v2 高能物理 - 实验
摘要
DarkSide-20k（DS-20k）是一项正在建设中的暗物质探测实验，位于意大利的格兰索拉天文台（LNGS）。该实验使用约100吨来自地下源的低放射性氩气（UAr）作为内探测器的目标物，其中一半用于双相时间投影 chamber（TPC）。UAr cryogenics 系统必须在实验运行超过10年的生命周期内维持稳定的热力学条件。持续去除UAr中的杂质和氡是提高信号产量并减轻背景的关键。我们正在开发一个高效且功能强大的 cryogenics 系统，配备气体纯化回路，目标循环流率为1000标准升每分钟（1000 slpm）。其核心设计包括使用液氮工作的冷凝器，搭配气体热交换器级联，提供超过8千瓦的综合冷却功率。本文阐述了针对DS-20k要求的设计选择，特别是冷凝器的工作原理和冷却控制，并展示了在CERN和LNGS处于测试平台上获得的结果。我们发现，回路的热效率（以每单位氩气流量消耗的氮气量衡量）为95%，且测试低温罐内的压力可维持在±（0.1-0.2）毫巴。我们进一步详细描述了测试低温罐的5天冷却程序，维持冷却速率通常在-2 K/h，符合DS-20k内探测器的要求。此外，我们评估了回路的流阻以及两种用于提供回路气体的氩相变换热交换器几何结构的热交换能力。我们指出，发现结果如何影响最终系统设计的确定，包括为满足要求而进行的必要修改以及正在进行的测试工作。
引用
@article{arxiv.2408.14071,
title = {Benchmarking the design of the cryogenics system for the underground argon in DarkSide-20k},
author = {20k Collaboration and F. Acerbi and P. Adhikari and P. Agnes and I. Ahmad and S. Albergo and I. F. M. Albuquerque and T. Alexander and A. K. Alton and P. Amaudruz and M. Angiolilli and E. Aprile and R. Ardito and M. Atzori Corona and D. J. Auty and M. Ave and I. C. Avetisov and O. Azzolini and H. O. Back and Z. Balmforth and A. Barrado Olmedo and P. Barrillon and G. Batignani and P. Bhowmick and S. Blua and V. Bocci and W. Bonivento and B. Bottino and M. G. Boulay and A. Buchowicz and S. Bussino and J. Busto and M. Cadeddu and M. Cadoni and R. Calabrese and V. Camillo and A. Caminata and N. Canci and A. Capra and M. Caravati and M. Cárdenas-Montes and N. Cargioli and M. Carlini and A. Castellani and P. Castello and P. Cavalcante and S. Cebrian and J. Cela Ruiz and S. Chashin and A. Chepurnov and L. Cifarelli and D. Cintas and M. Citterio and B. Cleveland and Y. Coadou and V. Cocco and D. Colaiuda and E. Conde Vilda and L. Consiglio and B. S. Costa and M. Czubak and M. D'Aniello and S. D'Auria and M. D. Da Rocha Rolo and G. Darbo and S. Davini and S. De Cecco and G. De Guido and G. Dellacasa and A. V. Derbin and A. Devoto and F. Di Capua and A. Di Ludovico and L. Di Noto and P. Di Stefano and L. K. Dias and D. Díaz Mairena and X. Ding and C. Dionisi and G. Dolganov and F. Dordei and V. Dronik and A. Elersich and E. Ellingwood and T. Erjavec and M. Fernandez Diaz and A. Ficorella and G. Fiorillo and P. Franchini and D. Franco and H. Frandini Gatti and E. Frolov and F. Gabriele and D. Gahan and C. Galbiati and G. Galiński and G. Gallina and G. Gallus and M. Garbini and P. Garcia Abia and A. Gawdzik and A. Gendotti and A. Ghisi and G. K. Giovanetti and V. Goicoechea Casanueva and A. Gola and L. Grandi and G. Grauso and G. Grilli di Cortona and A. Grobov and M. Gromov and M. Guerzoni and M. Gulino and C. Guo and B. R. Hackett and A. Hallin and A. Hamer and M. Haranczyk and B. Harrop and T. Hessel and S. Hill and S. Horikawa and J. Hu and F. Hubaut and J. Hucker and T. Hugues and E. V. Hungerford and A. Ianni and V. Ippolito and A. Jamil and C. Jillings and S. Jois and P. Kachru and R. Keloth and N. Kemmerich and A. Kemp and C. L. Kendziora and M. Kimura and A. Kish and K. Kondo and G. Korga and L. Kotsiopoulou and S. Koulosousas and A. Kubankin and P. Kunzé and M. Kuss and M. Kuźniak and M. Kuzwa and M. La Commara and M. Lai and E. Le Guirriec and E. Leason and A. Leoni and L. Lidey and M. Lissia and L. Luzzi and O. Lychagina and O. Macfadyen and I. N. Machulin and S. Manecki and I. Manthos and L. Mapelli and A. Marasciulli and S. M. Mari and C. Mariani and J. Maricic and M. Martinez and C. J. Martoff and G. Matteucci and K. Mavrokoridis and A. B. McDonald and J. Mclaughlin and S. Merzi and A. Messina and R. Milincic and S. Minutoli and A. Mitra and A. Moharana and S. Moioli and J. Monroe and E. Moretti and M. Morrocchi and T. Mroz and V. N. Muratova and M. Murphy and M. Murra and C. Muscas and P. Musico and R. Nania and M. Nessi and G. Nieradka and K. Nikolopoulos and E. Nikoloudaki and J. Nowak and K. Olchanski and A. Oleinik and V. Oleynikov and P. Organtini and A. Ortiz de Solórzano and M. Pallavicini and L. Pandola and E. Pantic and E. Paoloni and D. Papi and G. Pastuszak and G. Paternoster and A. Peck and P. A. Pegoraro and K. Pelczar and L. A. Pellegrini and R. Perez and F. Perotti and V. Pesudo and S. I. Piacentini and N. Pino and G. Plante and A. Pocar and M. Poehlmann and S. Pordes and P. Pralavorio and D. Price and S. Puglia and M. Queiroga Bazetto and F. Ragusa and Y. Ramachers and A. Ramirez and S. Ravinthiran and M. Razeti and A. L. Renshaw and M. Rescigno and F. Retiere and L. P. Rignanese and A. Rivetti and A. Roberts and C. Roberts and G. Rogers and L. Romero and M. Rossi and A. Rubbia and D. Rudik and M. Sabia and P. Salomone and O. Samoylov and E. Sandford and S. Sanfilippo and D. Santone and R. Santorelli and E. M. Santos and C. Savarese and E. Scapparone and G. Schillaci and F. G. Schuckman and G. Scioli and D. A. Semenov and V. Shalamova and A. Sheshukov and M. Simeone and P. Skensved and M. D. Skorokhvatov and O. Smirnov and T. Smirnova and B. Smith and A. Sotnikov and F. Spadoni and M. Spangenberg and R. Stefanizzi and A. Steri and V. Stornelli and S. Stracka and S. Sulis and A. Sung and C. Sunny and Y. Suvorov and A. M. Szelc and O. Taborda and R. Tartaglia and A. Taylor and J. Taylor and S. Tedesco and G. Testera and K. Thieme and A. Thompson and T. N. Thorpe and A. Tonazzo and S. Torres-Lara and A. Tricomi and E. V. Unzhakov and T. J. Vallivilayil and M. Van Uffelen and L. Velazquez-Fernandez and T. Viant and S. Viel and A. Vishneva and R. B. Vogelaar and J. Vossebeld and B. Vyas and M. Wada and M. B. Walczak and H. Wang and Y. Wang and S. Westerdale and L. Williams and R. Wojaczyński and M. Wojcik and M. M. Wojcik and T. Wright and X. Xiao and Y. Xie and C. Yang and J. Yin and A. Zabihi and P. Zakhary and A. Zani and Y. Zhang and T. Zhu and A. Zichichi and G. Zuzel and M. P. Zykova},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.14071},
year = {2025}
}
备注
44 pages, 25 figures, 1 table. Updated to match the published journal version