光谱证认的强引力透镜化、贫金属II型超新星z = 5.13
高能天体物理现象
2026-01-22 v2 宇宙学与河外天体物理
星系天体物理
摘要
观测早期宇宙（z > 3）中的超新星（SNe）为了解星系和单个恒星在宇宙时间尺度上的演化提供了一个窗口，然而，由于高红移恒星和超新星的极端距离和宇宙学红移，对其详细研究仍然困难。为了克服前者，对引力透镜源的搜索使得发现被放大的、表现为多重像的超新星成为可能——这进一步为高效的后随观测提供了机会。在此，我们展示了“SN Eos”的发现：一颗强引力透镜化、多重成像的II型超新星，其光谱红移为z = 5.133 +/- 0.001。SN Eos 爆炸于一个莱曼-α发射星系中，当时宇宙年龄仅约10亿年，正值其再电离并对紫外辐射变得透明之后不久。在我们于JWST数据中发现它的一年前，SN Eos的HST档案成像揭示了静止系远紫外（~1,300Å）发射，这表明在爆炸后的最初几天（静止系）内发生了激波突破或与星周物质的相互作用。SN Eos的JWST光谱，作为迄今发现的距离最远的光谱证认超新星，表明其前身星可能形成于贫金属环境（<= 0.1 Z_⊙）中，为早期宇宙贫金属环境中大质量恒星的形成提供了首个直接证据。如果没有该系统的极端引力透镜放大效应，SN Eos将无法被探测到，这凸显了此类发现最终对约束极早期宇宙宇宙恒星形成速率密度的暗端所具有的潜力。
引用
@article{arxiv.2601.04156,
title = {A spectroscopically confirmed, strongly lensed, metal-poor Type II supernova at z = 5.13},
author = {David A. Coulter and Conor Larison and Justin D. R. Pierel and Seiji Fujimoto and Vasily Kokorev and Joseph F. V. Allingham and Takashi J. Moriya and Matthew Siebert and Yoshihisa Asada and Rachel Bezanson and Maruša Bradač and Gabriel Brammer and John Chisholm and Dan Coe and Pratika Dayal and Michael Engesser and Steven L. Finkelstein and Ori D. Fox and Lukas J. Furtak and Anton M. Koekemoer and Thomas Moore and Minami Nakane and Masami Ouchi and Richard Pan and Robert Quimby and Armin Rest and Johan Richard and Luke Robbins and Louis-Gregory Strolger and Fengwu Sun and Tommaso Treu and Hiroto Yanagisawa and Abdurro'uf and Aadya Agrawal and Ricardo Amorín and Joseph P. Anderson and Rodrigo Angulo and Hakim Atek and Franz E. Bauer and Larry D. Bradley and Volker Bromm and Mateusz Bronikowski and Christopher J. Conselice and Christa DeCoursey and James M. DerKacy and Guillaume Desprez and Suhail Dhawan and Jose M. Diego and Eiichi Egami and Andreas Faisst and Brenda Frye and Sebastian Gomez and Mauro González-Otero and Massimo Griggio and Yuichi Harikane and Kohei Inayoshi and Saurabh W. Jha and Yolanda Jiménez-Teja and Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe and Patrick L. Kelly and Lindsey A. Kwok and Zachary G. Lane and Xiaolong Li and Ivo Lobbe and Paulo A. A. Lopes and Ray A. Lucas and Georgios E. Magdis and Nicholas S. Martis and Jorryt Matthee and Ashish K. Meena and Rohan P. Naidu and Gaël Noirot and Masamune Oguri and Estefania Padilla Gonzalez and Massimo Pascale and Tanja Petrushevska and Massimo Ricotti and Daniel Schaerer and Stefan Schuldt and Melissa Shahbandeh and William Sheu and Koji Shukawa and Akiyoshi Tsujita and Eros Vanzella and Qinan Wang and John Weaver and Robert Williams and Rogier Windhorst and Yi Xu and Yossef Zenati and Adi Zitrin},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.04156},
year = {2026}
}
备注
39 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Science