淡亮前体系统：型1a超新星 2024vjm
高能天体物理现象
2026-02-12 v2 宇宙学与河外天体物理
摘要
型1a超新星（SNe Ia）因其作为标准化宇宙烛台的作用而广为人知。其均一性归功于其作为白矮星（WD）星体的热核爆炸的单一起源。尽管如此，some SNe Ia仍然打破这种规律性。尤其是Iax亚类，能量较弱且异常多样化，引发关于其前体系统的疑问。尽管没有发现过任何正常型1a超新星的前体系统，但在2012Z这颗亮型Iax超新星爆发位置的前爆炸图像中，曾发现一颗发光蓝色星，据称其为一种氦巨星伴侣星，作为向WD超新星前体星提供质量的捐献源。这与从二元伴侣对WD进行弱质量吸积的模型相符，这类模型产生的爆炸并未完全毁灭恒星。然而，这些模型无法解释最淡型Iax爆炸的特性，这表明它们可能来自其他WD二元系统，甚至可能来自更为巨大的前体星体。本文我们报告最淡型Iax超新星2024vjm——可能迄今为止观察到的最淡型超新星。利用以太空站任务Euclid近期推出的深度前爆炸图像，我们证明其前体系统必须比2012Z这颗氦巨星Iax前体候选星还淡，也比2008ha这颗淡型超新星的亮红色伴侣或残留物更淡，可能需要一种亚矮星氦星作为质量捐献源。该深度图像也为2024vjm是否来自巨型星体的假设提供了有力反证。我们的观测表明，2024vjm是一次WD爆炸，但我们发现，异常淡的Iax超新星的衰减速度比亮型的要慢，即它们的演化方式与使正常型1a超新星成为宇宙烛台的著名费利克斯关系相反。
引用
@article{arxiv.2602.09096,
title = {A Faint Progenitor System for the Faint Supernova 2024vjm},
author = {Erez A. Zimmerman and Avishay Gal-Yam and Paul J. Groot and Eran O. Ofek and Jan van Roestel and Andrea Pastorello and Stefano Valenti and Aravind P. Ravi and Ping Chen and Steve Schulze and Nadejda Blagorodnova and Maxime Wavasseur and Marco A. Gomez-Munoz and Hugo Tranin and Simon de Wet and Giorgos Leloudas and Paul M. Vreeswijk and Lindsey A. Kwok and Michaela Schwab and Saurabh W. Jha and Kate Maguire and David J. Sand and Eric Stringer and Thomas Kupfer and Tamar Faran and Joseph P. Anderson and Jennifer Andrews and Moira Andrews and Avshalom Badash and Steven Bloemen and K. Azalee Bostroem and Ting-Wan Chen and Massimo Della Valle and Georgios Dimitriadis and Yize Dong and Joseph R. Farah and James H. Gillanders and Benjamin Godson and Mariusz Gromadzki and Daichi Hiramatsu and Emily Hoang and D. Andrew Howell and Daryl Janzen and Hanindyo Kuncarayakti and Jiaxuan Li and Joseph D. Lyman and Keiichi Maeda and Mark R. Magee and Curtis McCully and Darshana Mehta and Andrew Milligan and Shane Moran and Yuan Qi Ni and David O'Neill and Jeniveve Pearson and Danielle L. A. Pieterse and Giuliano Pignata and Andrea Reguitti and Daniel E. Reichart and Nicolas Meza Retamal and Rita P. Santos and Simone Scaringi and Manisha Shrestha and Shubham Srivastav and Fiorenzo Stoppa and Bhagya Subrayan and Giorgio Valerin and Xiaofeng Wang and Kathryn Wynn and Ofer Yaron and Weicheng Zang},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.09096},
year = {2026}
}