Related papers: Calculation of Electric Unit charge
We study strong electron tunneling in the single-electron box, a small metallic island coupled to an electrode by a tunnel junction, by means of quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We obtain results, at arbitrary tunneling strength, for the…
In a four dimensional theory of gravity with lagrangian quadratic in curvature and torsion, we compute the effective action for metrics of the form $g_{\mu\nu}=\rho^2\delta_{\mu\nu}$, with $\rho$ constant. Using standard field-theoretic…
We investigate a commonly used formula which seems to give non-integral vacuum charge in the continuum limit. We show that the limit is subtle and care must be taken to get correct results.
Using strong-coupling quantum field theory we calculate highly accurate critical exponents nu, eta from new seven-loop expansions in three dimensions. Our theoretical value for the critical exponent alpha of the specific heat near the…
We calculate the noise spectrum of the output signal of a quantum detector during continuous measurement of a two-level system (qubit). We generalize the previous results obtained for the regime of high voltages (when $eV$ is much larger…
Quantum electrodynamics describes the interactions of electrons and photons. Electric charge (the gauge coupling constant) is energy dependent, and there is a previous claim that charge is affected by gravity (described by general…
In 1909, Millikan showed that the charge of electrically isolated systems is quantized in units of the elementary electron charge e. Today, the persistence of charge quantization in small, weakly connected conductors allows for circuits…
Results of a previous article with the same title are retrieved by a different method. A one-component plasma is bounded by a plane surface. The plasma is fully coupled to the electromagnetic field, therefore the charge correlations are…
We propose ways to create and detect fractionally charged excitations in \emph{integer} quantum Hall edge states. The charge fractionalization occurs due to the Coulomb interaction between electrons propagating on different edge channels.…
To calculate the temperature at which a first-order cosmological phase transition occurs, one must calculate $F_c(T)$, the free energy of a critical bubble configuration. $F_c(T)$ is often approximated by the classical energy plus an…
We present measurements of net charge fluctuations in $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = $ 19.6, 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV, $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = $ 62.4, 200 GeV, and $p + p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 200 GeV using…
We consider functional-integral quantisation of the moduli of all quantum metrics defined as square-lengths $a$ on the edges of a Lorentzian square graph. We determine correlation functions and find a fixed relative uncertainty $\Delta…
The volume charge density for a conducting ellipsoid is expressed in simple geometrical terms, and then used to obtain the known surface charge density as well as the uniform charge per length along any principal axis. Corresponding results…
We have carried out the largest search for stable particles with fractional electric charge, based on an oil drop method that incorporates a horizontal electric field and upward air flow. No evidence for such particles was found, giving a…
The charge asymmetry in the differential cross section of high-energy $\mu^+\mu^-$ photoproduction in the electric field of a heavy atom is obtained. This asymmetry arises due to the Coulomb corrections to the amplitude of the process…
We calculate the free energy of the quantum uniform electron gas for temperatures from near zero to 100 times the Fermi energy, approaching the classical limit. An extension of the Vashista-Singwi theory to finite temperatures and…
In this work we show how to calculate the equilibrium and non-equilibrium charge fluctuations in a gated normal mesoscopic conductor which is attached to one normal lead and one superconducting lead. We then consider an example where the…
The power spectrum of quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field produced by an elementary particle is determined. It is found that in a wide range of practically important frequencies the power spectrum of fluctuations exhibits an…
The electrostatic self-force on a point charge in cylindrical thin-shell space-times is interpreted as the sum of a $bulk$ field and a $shell$ field. The $bulk$ part corresponds to a field sourced by the test charge placed in a space-time…
In this paper we consider external current QED in the Coulomb gauge and in axial gauges for various spatial directions of the axis. For a non-zero electric charge of the current, we demonstrate that any two different gauges from this class…