Related papers: Polarization Tensors and the Photon Field
It has been accepted that the polarization of the photon in vector beams is entangled with its momentum. Here a quantum description is advanced for the polarization that shows entanglement with the momentum. This is done by showing that the…
We compute the photon polarization tensor at one-loop order in the presence of a constant and uniform electric field. Our calculation is carried out for arbitrary field strength using the Schwinger proper-time formalism, and we explicitly…
The photon polarization tensor is the central building block of an effective theory description of photon propagation in the quantum vacuum. It accounts for the vacuum fluctuations of the underlying theory, and in the presence of external…
Polarization state of biphoton light generated via collinear frequency-degenerate spontaneous parametric down-conversion is considered. A biphoton is described by a three-component polarization vector, its arbitrary transformations relating…
We report the efficient creation and detection of hybrid entanglement between one photon's polarization and another photon's complex transverse polarization pattern. The polarization measurement of the first photon triggers a polarization…
It is nowadays a quite diffuse idea that variations of polarisation in condensed matter theory are related to a "Berry phase". The derivation of the latter geometric phase is correct $\it{only if}$ the restrictive periodic gauge\cite{KS-V}…
We demonstrate that the multipoles associated with the density matrix are truly observable quantities that can be unambiguously determined from intensity moments. Given their correct transformation properties, these multipoles are the…
New degrees of freedom having the form of a unit vector are identified for characterizing the spin polarization of free electron. It is shown that when only the spin is considered, the non-commutativity of the Cartesian components of the…
I introduce a spinor field theory for the photon. The three-dimensional vector electromagnetic field and the four-dimensional vector potential are components of this spinor photon field. A spinor equation for the photon field is derived…
We revisit the photon polarization tensor in a homogeneous external magnetic or electric field. The starting point of our considerations is the momentum space representation of the one-loop photon polarization tensor in the presence of a…
Based on the quantized electromagnetic field described by the Riemann-Silberstein complex vector $F$, we construct the eigenvector set of $% F$, which makes up an orthonormal and complete representation. In terms of $% F $ we then introduce…
Photons may have homogeneous polarization and may carry quantized orbital angular momentum (OAM). Photon entanglement has been realized in various degrees of freedom such as polarization and OAM. Using a pair of orthogonally polarized…
From relativistic point of view it has been shown here that a polarized photon can be visualized to give an equivalent spinorial description when the two-component spinor is the eigenvector of $2\times2$ Hermitian, Polarization matrix. The…
When generalized from plane waves to general vector beams, the notion of polarization described by the Stokes parameters turns out to be defined in a momentum-associated system that is fixed by the so-called Stratton vector. As the true…
The notion that the electromagnetic field is quantised is usually inferred from observations such as the photoelectric effect and the black-body spectrum. However accounts of the quantisation of this field are usually mathematically…
Mobile charge in an electrolytic solution can in principle be represented as the divergence of ionic polarization. After adding explicit solvent polarization a finite volume of electrolyte can then be treated as a composite non-uniform…
The polarization tensor is calculated which originates from interaction of a photon with the electron-positron field. The effects of multiple scattering of electrons and positrons in a medium side by side with an external field are…
We consider the propagation of light in arbitrarily curved step-index optical fibers. Using a multiple-scales approximation scheme, set-up in Fermi normal coordinates, the full vectorial Maxwell equations are solved in a perturbative…
We give the free energy of equilibrium relativistic matter subject to external gravitational and electromagnetic fields, to one-derivative order in the gradients of the external fields. The free energy allows for a straightforward…
A relationship is derived between differences in electric polarization between bands and the "shift vector" that controls part of a material's bulk photocurrent, then demonstrated in several models. Electric polarization has a quantized…