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An event-based maximum likelihood method for handling X-ray polarimetry data is extended to include the effects of background and nonuniform sampling of the possible position angle space. While nonuniform sampling in position angle space…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-06 Herman L. Marshall

We introduce an optimization technique to discriminate signal and background in any phenomeno- logical study based on the cut and count-based method. The core ideas behind this technique are the introduction of a ranking scheme that can…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-19 Baradhwaj Coleppa , Gokul B. Krishna , Agnivo Sarkar , Sujay Shil

Flux estimates for faint sources or transients are systematically biased high because there are far more truly faint sources than bright. Corrections which account for this effect are presented as a function of signal-to-noise ratio and the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 David W. Hogg , Edwin L. Turner

Signaling is an important topic in the study of asymmetric information in economic settings. In particular, the transparency of information available to a seller in an auction setting is a question of major interest. We introduce the study…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-04-26 Yuval Emek , Michal Feldman , Iftah Gamzu , Renato Paes Leme , Moshe Tennenholtz

The estimation of signal frequency count in the presence of background noise has had much discussion in the recent physics literature, and Mandelkern [1] brings the central issues to the statistical community, leading in turn to extensive…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-10 D. A. S. Fraser , N. Reid , A. C. M. Wong

This paper studies a method of a two dimensional background calculation for an analysis of events with two particles of the same type registered in experiments in high-energy physics. The standard two-dimensional integration is replaced by…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2017-02-07 Valentin Kuzmin

A typical experiment in high energy physics is considered. The result of the experiment is assumed to be a histogram consisting of bins or channels with numbers of corresponding registered events. The expected background and expected signal…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2017-01-03 I. B. Smirnov

Real-world measurements often comprise a dominant signal contaminated by a noisy background. Robustly estimating the dominant signal in practice has been a fundamental statistical problem. Classically, mixture models have been used to…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-20 Ananyabrata Barua , Ayanendranath Basu

This paper addresses the problem of estimating the modes of an observed non-stationary mixture signal in the presence of an arbitrary distributed noise. A novel Bayesian model is introduced to estimate the model parameters from the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-31 Quentin Legros , Dominique Fourer , Sylvain Meignen , Marcelo A. Colominas

Background channels with their expected strength and uncertainty levels are usually known in searches of novel phenomena prior to the experiments are conducted at their design stage. We quantitatively study the projected sensitivities in…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-02-07 M. K. Singh , H. B. Li , H. T. Wong , V. Sharma , L. Singh

We describe a statistical hypothesis test for the presence of a signal based on the likelihood ratio statistic. We derive the test for a case of interest and also show that for that case the test works very well, even far out in the tails…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-08-29 Wolfgang A. Rolke , Angel M. Lopez

To properly estimate signal significance while accounting for both statistical and systematic uncertainties, we conducted a study to analyze the impact of typical systematic uncertainties, such as background shape, signal shape, and the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2023-12-19 Yi Ding , Weiming Song , Kai Zhu

In various high-energy physics contexts, such as neutrino-oscillation experiments, several assumptions underlying the typical asymptotic confidence interval construction are violated, such that one has to resort to computationally expensive…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-05-09 Lukas Berns

The purpose of writing this book is to suggest some improved estimators using auxiliary information in sampling schemes like simple random sampling and systematic sampling. This volume is a collection of five papers. The following problems…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-08-28 Rajesh Singh , Florentin Smarandache

The search for gamma-ray counterparts to gravitational-wave events with the CALET Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (CGBM) requires accurate and robust background modeling. Previous CALET observing runs (O3 and O4) relied on averaged pre/post-event…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-20 Bisweswar Sen

The method of location and spectral estimation of weak signals on a noise background is being considered. The method is based on the optimized on order and noise dispersion autoregressive model of a sought signal. A new approach of model…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2007-07-03 Yu. Bunyak , O. Bunyak

Models phrased though moment conditions are central to much of modern inference. Here these moment conditions are embedded within a nonparametric Bayesian setup. Handling such a model is not probabilistically straightforward as the…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-01-14 Luke Bornn , Neil Shephard , Reza Solgi

Source enumeration, the task of estimating the number of sources from the signal received by the array of antennas, is a critical problem in array signal processing. Numerous methods have been proposed to estimate the number of sources…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-03 Gokularam Muthukrishnan , Siva Shanmugam , Sheetal Kalyani

Prompt isolated leptons are essential in many analyses in high-energy particle physics but are subject to fake-lepton background, i.e. objects that mimic the lepton signature. The fake-lepton background is difficult to estimate from…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-07-25 Johannes Erdmann , Cornelius Grunwald , Kevin Kröninger , Salvatore La Cagnina , Lars Röhrig , Erich Varnes

This paper presents a statistical method to subtract background in maximum likelihood fit, without relying on any separate sideband or simulation for background modeling. The method, called sFit, is an extension to the sPlot technique…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-05-07 Yuehong Xie