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This paper proposes and evaluates a novel architecture for a low-power Time-to-Digital Converter with high resolution, optimized for both integration in multichannel chips and high rate operation (40 Mconversion/s/channel). This converter…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-02 Florent Bouyjou

Time-digital Converter (TDC) aims to measure the arrival time of the leading edge of the pulse signal. Our recent work presented a high resolution multi-phase TDC based on the Kintex-7 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. A simple…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-12-30 Xue Dong , Cong Ma , Xiaokun Zhao , Xing Li , Zhenqiang Huang

We have developed an efficient cryogenic system with heat exchange and associated gas purification system, as a prototype for the XENON1T experiment. The XENON1T detector will use about 3 ton of liquid xenon (LXe) at a temperature of 175K…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-11 Elena Aprile , Ran Budnik , Bin Choi , Hugo Contreras , Karl Giboni , Luke Goetzke , Rafael Lang , Kyungeun Lim , Antonio melgarejo , Petr Shagin

A Time to Digital Converter (TDC) based system, to be used for most sub-detectors in the high-flux rare-decay experiment NA62 at CERN SPS, was built as part of the NA62 fully digital Trigger and Data AcQuisition system (TDAQ), in which the…

Many application domains face the challenges of high-power consumption and high computational demands, especially with the advancement in embedded machine learning and edge computing. Designing application-specific circuits is crucial to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-13 Zeinab Hijazi , Fatima Bzeih , Ali Ibrahim

Time-to-Digital Converters (TDCs) are a crucial tool in a wide array of fields, in particular for quantum communication, where time taggers performance can severely affect the quality of the entire application. Nowadays, FPGA-based TDCs…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-26 Matías Rubén Bolaños , Daniele Vogrig , Paolo Villoresi , Giuseppe Vallone , Andrea Stanco

This paper presents the design and analysis of a wearable CMOS biosensor with three different designs of energy-resolution scalable time-based resistance to digital converters (RDC), targeted towards either minimizing the energy/conversion…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-03 Dong-Hyun Seo , Baibhab Chatterjee , Sean Scott , Daniel Valentino , Dimitrios Peroulis , Shreyas Sen

This work explores the combination of liquid xenon as a scintillating medium and silicon photomultipliers as a readout in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for enhanced Time-Of-Flight resolution. We present the results of our first…

We present the design and performance of a prototype ASIC digitizer for integrated wire chamber readout, implemented in 65 nm commercial CMOS technology. Each channel of the 4-channel prototype is composed of two 16-bit Time-to-Digital…

We have designed, implemented and tested a time-to-digital converter core in a low-cost Spartan-6 FPGA. Our design exploits the finite propagation speed in carry chains to realize a delay line in which the propagation distance of the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2013-03-29 Sebastien Bourdeauducq

The TT-PET collaboration is developing a PET scanner for small animals with 30 ps time-of-flight resolution and sub-millimetre 3D detection granularity. The sensitive element of the scanner is a monolithic silicon pixel detector based on…

The LUX (Large Underground Xenon) detector is a two-phase xenon Time Projection Chamber (TPC) designed to search for WIMP-nucleon dark matter interactions. As with all noble element detectors, continuous purification of the detector medium…

Liquid xenon offers several features, which make it suitable for applications in nuclear medicine, such as high scintillation yield and fast scintillation decay time. Moreover, being a continuous medium with a uniform response, liquid xenon…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-03-02 Carmen Romo-Luque

In this paper we use detailed Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate that liquid xenon (LXe) can be used to build a Cherenkov-based TOF-PET, with an intrinsic coincidence resolving time (CRT) in the vicinity of 10 ps. This extraordinary…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-10-11 Juan Jose Gomez-Cadenas , José María Benlloch-Rodríguez , Paola Ferrario

The TT-PET collaboration is developing a small animal TOF-PET scanner based on monolithic silicon pixel sensors in SiGe BiCMOS technology. The demonstrator chip, a small-scale version of the final detector ASIC, consists of a 3 x 10 pixel…

A 12 bit Pipeline ADC fabricated in a 0.18 $\mu$m pure digital CMOS technology is presented. Its nominal conversion rate is 110MS/s and the nominal supply voltage is 1.8V. The effective number of bits is 10.4 when a 10MHz input signal with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Terje N. Andersen , Atle Briskemyr , Frode Telsto , Johnny Bjornsen , Thomas E. Bonnerud , Bjornar Hernes , Oystein Moldsvor

In the scope of the COMPASS experiment a multi-purpose, high rate capable TDC with digitisation width of 60 ps has been developed. The integration into the readout system and the flexible input of the CATCH readout driver is presented.

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2014-11-17 H. Fischer , J. Franz , A. Grunemaier , F. H. Heinsius , L. Hennig , K. Konigsmann , M. Niebuhr , T. Schmidt , H. Schmitt , H. J. Urban

PET is a functional imaging technique based on detection of annihilation photons following beta decay producing positrons. In this paper, we present the concept of a new PET system for preclinical applications consisting of a ring of twelve…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-03-19 A. Miceli , P. Amaudruz , F. Benard , D. A. Bryman , L. Kurchaninov , J. P. Martin , A. Muennich , F. Retiere , T. J. Ruth , V. Sossi , A. J. Stoessl

Liquid-xenon based particle detectors have been dramatically growing in size during the last years, and are now exceeding the one-ton scale. The required high xenon purity is usually achieved by continuous recirculation of xenon gas through…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2011-03-08 K. L. Giboni , E. Aprile , B. Choi , T. Haruyama , R. F. Lang , K. E. Lim , A. J. Melgarejo , G. Plante

Time to Digital Converters (TDCs) are very common devices in particles physics experiments. A lot of "off-the-shelf" TDCs can be employed but the necessity of a custom DAta acQuisition (DAQ) system makes the TDCs implemented on the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-09-07 A. Balla , M. Beretta , P. Ciambrone , M. Gatta , F. Gonnella , L. Iafolla , M. Mascolo , R. Messi , D. Moricciani , D. Riondino