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The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments ATLAS and CMS have established hybrid pixel detectors as the instrument of choice for particle tracking and vertexing in high rate and radiation environments, as they operate close to the LHC…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-06-27 Maurice Garcia-Sciveres , Norbert Wermes

In view of the high luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC) to start operation around 2026, a major upgrade of the tracker system for the ATLAS experiment is in preparation. The expected neutron equivalent fluence of up to 2.4 * 1e16 1 MeV…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-02-14 Julien-Christopher Beyer , Alessandro La Rosa , Anna Macchiolo , Natascha Savic , Reem Taibah

The ATLAS detector has to undergo significant updates at the end of the current decade, in order to withstand the increased occupancy and radiation damage that will be produced by the high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider. In…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-08-13 Giovanni Marchiori

The upgraded Inner Tracking System (ITS2) of the ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider is based on Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS). With a sensitive area of about 10 $m^2$ and 12.5 billion pixels, ITS2 represents the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-05-29 Nicolo' Valle

CMOS Pixel Sensors tend to become relevant for a growing spectrum of charged particle detection instruments. This comes mainly from their high granularity and low material budget. However, several potential applications require a higher…

High Voltage CMOS sensors are a promising technology for tracking detectors in collider experiments. Extensive R&D studies are being carried out by the ATLAS Collaboration for a possible use of HV-CMOS in the High Luminosity LHC upgrade of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-01-12 H. Liu , M. Benoit , H. Chen , K. Chen , F. A. Di Bello , G. Iacobucci , F. Lanni , I. Peric , B. Ristic , M. Vicente Barreto Pinto , W. Wu , L. Xu , G. Jin

The ATLAS experiment pixel detector upgrade plans are focused on development of new technology, including the FE-I4 readout integrated circuit. The first upgrade project to make use of this new technology is an "Insertable B-Layer" (IBL)…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2011-09-23 M. Garcia-Sciveres , ATLAS Collaboration

The LHC is expected to reach luminosities up to 3000fb-1 and the innermost layer of the ATLAS upgrade plans to cope with higher occupancy and to decrease the pixel size. 3D-Si sensors are a good candidate for the innermost layer of the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-03-08 Marta Baselga , Giulio Pellegrini , David Quirion

The Semiconductor Tracker (SCT) is a silicon strip detector and one of the key precision tracking devices in the Inner Detector of the ATLAS experiment at CERN LHC. The completed SCT has been installed inside the ATLAS experimental cavern…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-08-13 Vasiliki A. Mitsou

The two innermost layers of the ALICE inner tracking system are instrumented with silicon pixel detectors. Single chip assembly prototypes of the ALICE pixels have been tested in high energy particle beams at the CERN SPS. Detection…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2009-11-11 D. Elia

We have developed two radiation-hard ASICs for optical data transmission in the ATLAS pixel detector at the LHC at CERN: a driver chip for a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) diode for 80 Mbit/s data transmission from the…

Collider detectors have taken advantage of the resolution and accuracy of silicon detectors for at least four decades. Future colliders will need large areas of silicon sensors for low mass trackers and sampling calorimetry. Monolithic…

In the CMS experiment at CERN, Geneva, a large number of HGCAL sensor modules are fabricated in advanced laboratories around the world. Each sensor module contains about 700 checkpoints for visual inspection thus making it almost impossible…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-09-02 Nupur Giri , Shashi Dugad , Amit Chhabria , Rashmi Manwani , Priyanka Asrani

The LHC Phase-II upgrade will lead to a significant increase in luminosity, which in turn will bring new challenges for the operation of inner tracking detectors. A possible solution is to use active silicon sensors, taking advantage of…

Pixel sensors based on commercial high-voltage CMOS processes are an exciting technology that is considered as an option for the outer layer of the ATLAS inner tracker upgrade at the High Luminosity LHC. Here, charged particles are detected…

In preparation for the High Luminosity LHC, the entire tracker detector of the CMS experiment will be exchanged as part of the Phase-2 Upgrade. The new Outer Tracker will comprise approximately 13,000 silicon sensor modules, of which 7608…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-05-25 F. Zhang , G. Blanchot , S. Higginbotham , A. Honma , A. Kalogeropoulos , M. Kovacs , A. La Rosa , S. Nasr

In order to increase its discovery potential, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerator will be upgraded in the next decade. The high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) period demands new sensor technologies to cope with increasing radiation…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-02-01 D. Vázquez Furelos , M. Carulla , E. Cavallaro , F. Förster , S. Grinstein , J. Lange , I. López Paz , M. Manna , G. Pellegrini , D. Quirion , S. Terzo

3D silicon detectors, in which the electrodes penetrate the sensor bulk perpendicular to the surface, have recently undergone a rapid development from R\&D over industrialisation to their first installation in a real high-energy-physics…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-11-09 Jörn Lange

The assembly of the ATLAS Inner Tracker requires the construction of 19,000 silicon strip sensor detector modules in eight different geometries. Modules will be assembled and tested at 31 institutes on four continents from sensors, readout…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-03-08 Abraham Tishelman-Charny

The ATLAS detector is currently being upgraded with a new layer of pixel based charged particle tracking and a new arrangement of the services for the pixel detector. These upgrades require the replacement of the opto-boards previously used…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2013-10-04 Richard Kass , K. K. Gan , H. P. Kagan , J. Moss , J. Moore , S. Smith , Y. Yang , P. Buchholz , M. Ziolkowski