Related papers: Codon Distributions in DNA
W and Z bosons will be produced copiously at the LHC proton-proton collider. We study the parton distribution dependence of the total production cross sections and rapidity distributions, paying particular attention to the uncertainties…
We show that a knowledge of diagonal partons at a low scale is sufficient to determine the off-diagonal (or skewed) distributions at a higher scale, to a good degree of accuracy. We quantify this observation by presenting results for the…
We propose that the distribution of DNA words in genomic sequences can be primarily characterized by a double Pareto-lognormal distribution, which explains lognormal and power-law features found across all known genomes. Such a distribution…
Understanding how genes interact and relate to each other is a fundamental question in biology. However, current practices for describing these relationships, such as drawing diagrams or graphs in a somewhat arbitrary manner, limit our…
We review the status of our understanding of nucleon structure based on the modelling of different kinds of parton distributions. We use the concept of generalized transverse momentum dependent parton distributions and Wigner distributions,…
The genetic code refers to a rule that maps 64 codons to 20 amino acids. Nearly all organisms, with few exceptions, share the same genetic code, the standard genetic code (SGC). While it remains unclear why this universal code has arisen…
With the number of sequenced genomes now over one hundred, and the availability of rough functional annotations for a substantial proportion of their genes, it has become possible to study the statistics of gene content across genomes. Here…
The presence of clusters of rare codons is known to negatively impact the efficiency and accuracy of protein production. In this paper, we demonstrate a statistical method of identifying such clusters in the coding sequence of a gene. Using…
The distribution function of particles over clusters is proposed for a system of identical intersecting spheres, the centres of which are uniformly distributed in space. Consideration is based on the concept of the rank number of clusters,…
The rules that specify how the information contained in DNA codes amino acids, is called "the genetic code". Using a simplified version of the Penna nodel, we are using computer simulations to investigate the importance of the genetic code…
We present a genetic algorithm which is distributed in two novel ways: along genotype and temporal axes. Our algorithm first distributes, for every member of the population, a subset of the genotype to each network node, rather than a…
Working with proton and pion valence distribution functions (DFs) determined consistently at the same, unique hadron scale and exploiting the possibility that there is an effective charge which defines an evolution scheme for DFs that is…
Generalized parton distributions describe the distribution of partons in the transverse plane. For transversely polarized quarks and/or nucleons, these impact parameter dependent parton distributions are not axially symmetric. These…
Modern genomics experiments measure functional behaviors for many thousands of DNA sequences. We suggest that, especially when these sequences are chosen at random, it is natural to compute correlation functions between sequences and…
Complexity metrics and machine learning (ML) models have been utilized to analyze the lengths of segmental genomic entities like: exons, introns, intergenic and repeat/unique DNA sequences, in each of the 22 human chromosomes. The purpose…
We have presented the basic knowledge on the structure of molecules coding the genetic information, mechanisms of transfer of this information from DNA to proteins and phenomena connected with replication of DNA. In particular, we have…
Distributions of triplets in some genetic sequences are examined and found to be well described by a 2-parameter Markov process with a sparse transition matrix. The variances of all the relevant parameters are not large, indicating that…
Optimum nuclear parton distributions are determined by an analysis of muon and electron deep inelastic scattering data. Assuming simple A dependence and polynomial functions of x and 1-x for nuclear modification of parton distributions, we…
This paper describes the Difference-of-Log-Normals (DLN) distribution. A companion paper makes the case that the DLN is a fundamental distribution in nature, and shows how a simple application of the CLT gives rise to the DLN in many…
We introduce and train distributed neural architectures (DNA) in vision and language domains. DNAs are initialized with a proto-architecture that consists of (transformer, MLP, attention, etc.) modules and routers. Any token (or patch) can…