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Hadrons are composite objects made of quarks and gluons, and during a collision one can have several elementary interactions between the constituents. These elementary interactions, using an appropriate theoretical framework, can be related…
Understanding the fundamental structure of matter requires an understanding of how quarks and gluons are assembled to form hadrons and of the structure of the protons which are the colliding particles at LHC. The arrangement of quarks and…
A systematic study of hadronic masses shows regular oscillations that can be fitted by a simple cosine function. This property can be observed when the difference between adjacent masses of each family is plotted versus the mean mass. This…
This review article describes the trapping of charged particles. The main principles of electromagnetic confinement of various species from elementary particles to heavy atoms are briefly described. The preparation and manipulation with…
An approach to gauge theory in the context of locally conformally flat space-time is described. It is discussed how there are a number of natural principal bundles associated with any given locally conformally flat space-time $X$. The…
We present a lattice calculation of the mass difference between neutron and proton, for which we find $ M_n - M_p = 1.73(69) \, \text{MeV}$. This is obtained at 1st order in the $QED$ coupling $\alpha_{EM}$ and in the mass difference…
The electron and positron magnetic moments are the most precise prediction of the standard model of particle physics. The most accurate measurement of a property of an elementary particle has been made to test this result. A new…
There are striking regularities in the masses and mass differences of known hadrons. Some of these regularities can be understood from known general properties of the interactions of quarks without a need to specify the explicit form of the…
Quantities like the fine structure constant at the pole of the Z boson and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon are of profound importance for testing the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. Because these quantities are…
In particle physics, study of the symmetry and its breaking play very important role in order to get useful information about the nature. The classification and arrangements of subatomic particles is also necessary to study particle…
The base is the Lagrangian of symmetry and its dynamical breaking or Higgs breaking. When the soliton-like solutions of the scalar field equations are substituted into the spinor field equations, in the approximation of non-relativity we…
The past decades witnessed the golden era of hadron physics, which gives us a good opportunity to study the physics happening in a transient period of time. The development on the singly heavy baryons indicates that there exists the fine…
Despite the enormous achievements, the Standard model of Particle physics can not be consider as complete theory of fundamental interactions. Among other things, it can not describe the gravitational interaction and it depends on 19…
Our concept of the basic constituents of matter has undergone two revolutionary changes -- from atoms to proton & neutron and then onto quarks & leptons. Indeed all these quarks and leptons have been seen by now along with the carriers of…
A model is considered in which the scale of the heavy singlet neutrinos is a few orders of magnitude below the grand unification scale and where right-handed vector bosons play still a negligible role. In a basis with diagonal up-quark and…
We present an ontological argument why elementary particles with nonzero spin must be massless. This argument implies that, from an ontological perspective, the massive quarks and leptons of the standard model cannot be elementary…
We introduce the standard model of elementary particles and discuss the reasons why we have to modify it. Emphasis is put on the indications from the neutrinos and on the role of the Higgs particle; some promising theoretical ideas, like…
Quarks and leptons, the fundamental building blocks of the subatomic world, manifest in three families - replicas with identical quantum numbers that differ only in their masses. After summarizing the present data, an overview is presented…
Although there have been many experimental and theoretical efforts to measure and interpret small deviations from the standard model of particle physics, the gap that the model leaves in understanding why there are only three generations of…
The possible use of high-resolution rovibrational spectroscopy of the hydrogen molecular ions H + 2 and HD + for an independent determination of several fundamental constants is analyzed. While these molecules had been proposed for…