Related papers: The periodic table of elementary particles
Motivated mainly by the fact that no charged elementary particles having zero mass have been observed up to now, we investigate the question whether the mass of the elementary particles is connected with their electric charge and whether…
The Standard Model describes the smallest building blocks of our universe, so-called quarks and leptons, and the forces that act on them. The building blocks can bundle into larger and heavier particles. These composite particles are called…
The top quark is the heaviest elementary particle observed to date. Its large mass of about 173 GeV/c^2 makes the top quark act differently than other elementary fermions, as it decays before it hadronises, passing its spin information on…
The progress of Particle Physics is closely linked to the progress in the understanding of the fundamental constants, like the finestructure constant, the mass of the electron or nucleon, or the electroweak mixing angle. The relation…
Regularities in the hadron interaction energies are used to obtain formulas relating the masses of ground-state hadrons, most of which contain heavy quarks. Inputs are the constituent quark model, the Feynman-Hellmann theorem, and the…
We investigate whether a mass scale for elementary particles can be derived from interactions of particles with distant matter in the Universe, the mechanism of the interaction being the classical vector potential, propagating in a space of…
We propose a new criterium for saturation of the density of partons both in nucleons and nuclei. It is applicable to any multiple scattering model which would be used to compute the number of strings exchanged in $ep$ and $eA$ collisions.…
We propose some empirical formulae relating the masses of the heaviest particles in the standard model (the W,Z,H bosons and the t quark) to the charge of the positron $e$ and the Higgs condensate v. The relations for the masses of gauge…
To study symmetry and its breaking in particle physics, plays very important role in order to get useful information about the nature. The classification and arrangements of subatomic particles is also necessary to study particle physics.…
Using the interquark potential we obtain a formula for the mass spectrum of elementary particles. The simple formula gives the masses of all known elementary particles with an error of about three percent or less. This includes the recently…
In a model where a multiverse wavefunction explores a multitude of vacua with different symmetries and parameters, properties of universes closely related to ours can be understood by examining the consequences of small departures of…
This Resource Letter provides a guide to literature on the Standard Model of elementary particles and possible extensions. In the successful theory of quarks and leptons and their interactions, important questions remain, such as the…
Obtaining the rest mass of leptons with electric charge minus 1 is pursued by considering the existence of a medium made up of sub-quantum particles, called etherons, having a rest energy at the lowest limit which is possible in the…
We argue that the standard decompositions of the hadron mass overlook pressure effects, and hence should be interpreted with great care. Based on the semiclassical picture, we propose a new decomposition that properly accounts for these…
Nucleons and electrons were once considered elementary particles, a role nowadays taken by quarks and leptons. Here, mainly at the group theoretical level, we examine the unorthodox idea that nucleons and electrons share the same level of…
It has been shown that neutrino masses can be determined under the particle ansatz. In this paper, we give the general formulas of neutrino masses related to the neutrino oscillation parameters which show that there is a mass hierarchy…
The new quantum number \sigma is introduced. It is shown that the conservation of \sigma-number results in the conservation of difference between baryon and lepton numbers obtained earlier by Georgi and Glashow. The conservation of \sigma…
The rest masses of the stable mesons and baryons and the rest masses of their antiparticles, as well as the rest masses of the mu (+,-) and tau (+,-) leptons can be explained, within 1% accuracy, with the standing wave model, which uses…
Assuming hierarchical neutrino masses we calculate the heavy neutrino mass scale in the seesaw mechanism from experimental data on oscillations of solar and atmospheric neutrinos and quark-lepton symmetry. The resulting scale is around or…
We apply Koide's mass relation of charged leptons to neutrinos and quarks, with both the normal and inverted mass schemes of neutrinos discussed. We introduce the parameters $k_{\nu}$, $k_u$ and $k_d$ to describe the deviations of neutrinos…