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We investigate the existence of certain types of equilibria (Nash, $\varepsilon$-Nash, subgame perfect, $\varepsilon$-subgame perfect, Pareto-optimal) in multi-player multi-outcome infinite sequential games. We use two fundamental…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-03-18 Stéphane Le Roux , Arno Pauly

Consider concurrent, infinite duration, two-player win/lose games played on graphs. If the winning condition satisfies some simple requirement, the existence of Player 1 winning (finite-memory) strategies is equivalent to the existence of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Stephane Le Roux

In set theory without the axiom of regularity, we consider a game in which two players choose in turn an element of a given set, an element of this element, etc.; a player wins if its adversary cannot make any next move. Sets that are…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Denis I. Saveliev

A combinatorial game is a two-player game without hidden information or chance elements. The main object of combinatorial game theory is to obtain the outcome, which player has a winning strategy, of a given combinatorial game. Positions of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-27 Kengo Hashimoto

The semi-random graph process is a single player game in which the player is initially presented an empty graph on $n$ vertices. In each round, a vertex $u$ is presented to the player independently and uniformly at random. The player then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-14 David Gamarnik , Mihyun Kang , Pawel Pralat

The number of quantifiers needed to express first-order properties is captured by two-player combinatorial games called multi-structural (MS) games. We play these games on linear orders and strings, and introduce a technique we call…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Marco Carmosino , Ronald Fagin , Neil Immerman , Phokion Kolaitis , Jonathan Lenchner , Rik Sengupta , Ryan Williams

There are many combinatorial games in which a move can terminate the game, such as a checkmate in chess. These moves give rise to diverse situations that fall outside the scope of the classical normal play structure. To analyze these games,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-09 Urban Larsson , Richard J. Nowakowski , Carlos P. Santos

We present the notion of monotone solution of mean field games master equations in the case of a continuous state space. We establish the existence, uniqueness and stability of such solutions under standard assumptions. This notion allows…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-10-27 Charles Bertucci

Sequential equilibrium is one of the most fundamental refinements of Nash equilibrium for games in extensive form. However, it is not defined for extensive-form games in which a player can choose among a continuum of actions. We define a…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-29 Michael Greinecker , Martin Meier , Konrad Podczeck

The class of passable games was recently introduced by Selinger as a class of combinatorial games that are suitable for modelling monotone set coloring games such as Hex. In a monotone set coloring game, the players alternately color the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Eric Demer , Peter Selinger , Kyle Wang

By resorting to the vector space structure of finite games, skew-symmetric games (SSGs) are proposed and investigated as a natural subspace of finite games. First of all, for two player games, it is shown that the skew-symmetric games form…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-11 Yaqi Hao , Daizhan Cheng

This article deals with classes of antagonistic games with two players. A game is specified in terms of two `hostile' stochastic processes representing mutual attacks upon random times exerting casualties of random magnitudes. The game ends…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-01-23 J. H. Dshalalow , K. Iwezulu , R. T. White

The central result of classical game theory states that every finite normal form game has a Nash equilibrium, provided that players are allowed to use randomized (mixed) strategies. However, in practice, humans are known to be bad at…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-07 Pavel Hubáček , Moni Naor , Jonathan Ullman

n infinite two-player zero-sum game with a Borel winning set, in which the opponent's actions are monitored eventually but not necessarily immediately after they are played, is determined. The proof relies on a representation of the game as…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-07-06 Eran Shmaya

Players are arranged on a regular lattice and coded with a specific strategy for a pre-defined game. Each player sums their payoffs from playing the game with each of their neighbors, and then adopts the strategy of the most successful…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-08-03 Stewart D. Johnson

Mean-payoff games are important quantitative models for open reactive systems. They have been widely studied as games of full observation. In this paper we investigate the algorithmic properties of several sub-classes of mean-payoff games…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Paul Hunter , Arno Pauly , Guillermo A. Pérez , Jean-François Raskin

In the {\em Musical Chairs} game $MC(n,m)$ a team of $n$ players plays against an adversarial {\em scheduler}. The scheduler wins if the game proceeds indefinitely, while termination after a finite number of rounds is declared a win of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-08-06 Yehuda Afek , Yakov Babichenko , Uriel Feige , Eli Gafni , Nati Linial , Benny Sudakov

The minority game is a simple congestion game in which the players' main goal is to choose among two options the one that is adopted by the smallest number of players. We characterize the set of Nash equilibria and the limiting behavior of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-08-28 Willemien Kets , Mark Voorneveld

We consider various probabilistic games with piles for one player or two players. In each round of the game, a player randomly chooses to add $a$ or $b$ chips to his pile under the condition that $a$ and $b$ are not necessarily positive. If…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-16 Ho-Hon Leung , Thotsaporn "Aek'' Thanatipanonda

Subtraction games have a rich literature as normal-play combinatorial games (e.g., Berlekamp, Conway, and Guy, 1982). Recently, the theory has been extended to zero-sum scoring play (Cohensius et al. 2019). Here, we take the approach of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Anjali Bhagat , Tanmay Kulkarni , Urban Larsson , Divya Murali