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We construct a family of automata with n states, n>3, acting on a rooted binary tree that generate the free products of cyclic groups of order 2.

Group Theory · Mathematics 2008-07-01 Dmytro Savchuk , Yaroslav Vorobets

Full set of autonomous completely solvable differential systems of equations in total differentials is built by basis of infinitesimal operators, universal invariant, and structure constants of admited multiparametric Lie group (abelian and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-01-16 V. N. Gorbuzov

Over a field of characteristic zero, we prove that the Freiheitssatz holds for brace algebras, the word problem for the brace algebras with a single defining relation is decidable, two generated subalgebras of free brace algebras are free,…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-10-02 Yu Li , Qiuhui Mo , Xiangui Zhao

In this work we explore the performance and behavior of reasoning large language models to autonomously optimize atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes. In the ALD process optimization task, an agent built on top of a reasoning LLM has to…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-01-16 Angel Yanguas-Gil

A Bialgebra is a module over a ring that is both an associative algebra and a co-associative coalgebra with the product and coproduct additionally satisfying an appropriate commutative relationship. One application of Bialgebras is in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-04-04 William Salkeld

We present an algorithm to generate positive braids of a given length as words in Artin generators with a uniform probability. The complexity of this algorithm is polynomial in the number of strands and in the length of the generated…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2012-07-24 Volker Gebhardt , Juan González-Meneses

We present here an optimized and parallelized version of the {\sl augmented space recursion code} for the calculation of the electronic and magnetic properties of bulk disordered alloys, surfaces and interfaces, either flat, corrugated or…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-14 Rudra Banerjee , Abhijit Mookerjee

We prove the Freiheitssatz for right-symmetric algebras and the decidability of the word problem for right-symmetric algebras with a single defining relation. We also prove that two generated subalgebras of free right-symmetric algebras are…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-01-03 Daniyar Kozybaev , Leonid Makar-Limanov , Ualbai Umirbaev

Nested words, a model for recursive programs proposed by Alur and Madhusudan, have recently gained much interest. In this paper we introduce quantitative extensions and study nested word series which assign to nested words elements of a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Christian Mathissen

In this paper, we consider the construction of linear lexicodes over finite chain rings by using a $B$-ordering over these rings and a selection criterion. % and a greedy Algorithm. As examples we give lexicodes over $\mathbb{Z}_4$ and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Kenza Guenda , T. Aaron Gulliver , S. Arash Sheikholeslam

In Answer Set Programming (ASP), the user can define declaratively a problem and solve it with efficient solvers; practical applications of ASP are countless and several constraint problems have been successfully solved with ASP. On the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Paola Cappanera , Marco Gavanelli , Maddalena Nonato , Marco Roma

An $\alpha$-greedy balanced pair in an ordered set $P=(V,\leq)$ is a pair $(x,y)$ of elements of $V$ such that the proportion of greedy linear extensions of $P$ that put $x$ before $y$ among all greedy linear extensions is in the real…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-13 Imed Zaguia

The boundary states for AdS_2 D-branes in Lorentzian AdS_3 space-time are presented. AdS_2 D-branes are algebraically defined by twisted Dirichlet boundary conditions and are located on twisted conjugacy classes of SL(2,R). Using free field…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 Cemsinan Deliduman

We interpret augmented racks as a certain kind of multiplicative graphs and show that this point of view is natural for defining rack homology. We also define the analogue of the group algebra for these objects; in particular, we see how…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-03 Jacob Mostovoy

We investigate the new, Turing-complete class of layered systems, whose lefthand sides of rules can only be overlapped at a multiset of disjoint or equal positions. Layered systems define a natural notion of rank for terms: the maximal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-09-16 Jean-Pierre Jouannaud , Jiaxiang Liu , Mizuhito Ogawa

A new result of G. Cz\'edli states that for an ordered set $P$ with at least two elements and a group $G$, there exists a bounded lattice $L$ such that the ordered set of principal congruences of $L$ is isomorphic to $P$ and the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-08-04 G. Grätzer

A free differential for an arbitrary associative algebra is defined as a differential with a uniqueness property. The existence problem for such a differential is posed. The notion of optimal calculi for given commutation rules is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-02-03 A. Borowiec , V. K. Kharchenko , Zbigniew Oziewicz

In this study we follow a new framework for the theory that offers us, other than traditional, a new angle to observe and investigate some relations between finite sets, F-lattice L and their elements. The theory is based on the Fuzzy…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-02-14 H. Keleş

We derive a lower and an upper bound for the rank of the finite part of operator $K$-theory groups of maximal and reduced $C^*$-algebras of finitely generated groups. The lower bound is based on the amount of polynomially growing conjugacy…

K-Theory and Homology · Mathematics 2017-05-24 Süleyman Kağan Samurkaş

This survey reviews works in which language models (LMs) are augmented with reasoning skills and the ability to use tools. The former is defined as decomposing a potentially complex task into simpler subtasks while the latter consists in…