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Chances of a gambler are always lower than chances of a casino in the case of an ideal, mathematically perfect roulette, if the capital of the gambler is limited and the minimum and maximum allowed bets are limited by the casino. However, a…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2016-02-23 A. V. Kavokin , A. S. Sheremet , M. Yu. Petrov

A gambler with an initial fortune $x$ starts by betting a dollar, then doubles the bet after every win and halves the bet after every loss. Let $p\in (0,1)$ be the probability of winning for each round. We show that the gambler survives…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-12 Aditya Guha Roy , Yuval Peres , Shuo Qin , Junchi Zuo

It is well known that in games with imperfect information, such as poker, bluffing with some probability can be a component of the optimal strategy. However, as far as we know, nobody has ever exhibited a Scrabble position in which the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Nick Ballard , Timothy Y. Chow

The beautiful theory of statistical gambling, started by Dubins and Savage (for subfair games) and continued by Kelly and Breiman (for superfair games) has mostly been studied under the unrealistic assumption that we live in a continuous…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-11-27 Shalosh B. Ekhad , Doron Zeilberger

A gambler walks into a hypothetical fair casino with a very real dollar bill, but by the time he leaves he's exchanged the dollar for a random amount of money. What is lost in the process? It may be that the gambler walks out at the end of…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-20 Paul Cuff , Thomas Cover , Gowtham Kumar , Lei Zhao

We consider games of chance played by someone with external capital that cannot be applied to the game and determine how this affects risk-adjusted optimal betting. Specifically, we focus on Kelly optimization as a metric, optimizing the…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-12-29 Stanislav Shalunov , Alexei Kitaev , Yakov Shalunov , Arseniy Akopyan

In a casino where arbitrarily small bets are admissible, any betting strategy M can be modified into a savings strategy that, not only is successful on each casino sequence where M is (thus accumulating unbounded wealth inside the casino)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-15 George Barmpalias , Nan Fang

What would you do if you were invited to play a game where you were given \$25 and allowed to place bets for 30 minutes on a coin that you were told was biased to come up heads 60% of the time? This is exactly what we did, gathering 61…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2017-01-06 Victor Haghani , Richard Dewey

We study variants of a stochastic game inspired by backgammon where players may propose to double the stake, with the game state dictated by a one-dimensional random walk. Our variants allow for different numbers of proposals and different…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-28 Haoru Ju , Daniel Leifer , Steven J. Miller , Sooraj A. Padmanabhan , Chenyang Sun , Luke Tichi , Benjamin Tocher , Kiley Wallace

Consider a gambling game in which we are allowed to repeatedly bet a portion of our bankroll at favorable odds. We investigate the question of how to minimize the expected number of rounds needed to increase our bankroll to a given target…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-12-06 Thomas P. Hayes

In simple card games, cards are dealt one at a time and the player guesses each card sequentially. We study problems where feedback (e.g. correct/incorrect) is given after each guess. For decks with repeated values (as in blackjack where…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-20 Persi Diaconis , Ron Graham , Sam Spiro

Fighting Fantasy is a popular recreational fantasy gaming system worldwide. Combat in this system progresses through a stochastic game involving a series of rounds, each of which may be won or lost. Each round, a limited resource (`luck')…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Iain G. Johnston

Two-player, turn-based, stochastic games with reachability conditions are considered, where the maximizer has no information (he is blind) and is restricted to deterministic strategies whereas the minimizer is perfectly informed. We ask the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-26 Edon Kelmendi , Hugo Gimbert

We look at the Florida Lottery records of winners of prizes worth $600 or more. Some individuals claimed large numbers of prizes. Were they lucky, or up to something? We distinguish the "plausibly lucky" from the "implausibly lucky" by…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-08-06 Richard Arratia , Skip Garibaldi , Lawrence Mower , Philip B. Stark

We develop an approach to solve Barberis (2012)'s casino gambling model in which a gambler whose preferences are specified by the cumulative prospect theory (CPT) must decide when to stop gambling by a prescribed deadline. We assume that…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-02-08 Sang Hu , Jan Obloj , Xun Yu Zhou

The setting of the classic prophet inequality is as follows: a gambler is shown the probability distributions of $n$ independent, non-negative random variables with finite expectations. In their indexed order, a value is drawn from each…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Jack Wang

We study a sequential coin-flipping game in which a player starts with~$n$ coins, each landing heads independently with probability~$p$. In each round the player flips all remaining coins and must set aside at least one coin showing heads;…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Peter Pfaffelhuber

In the paper it is proven that the two-players turn-based stochastic game "Risk or Safety" has a unique solution. Both players need to play the same strategy if they want to maximize their winning chances. An analytical method based on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Rüdiger Jehn

Testing by betting has been a cornerstone of the game-theoretic statistics literature. One bets against the null hypothesis, and the accumulated wealth $W_t$ quantifies the evidence against the null hypothesis after $t$ rounds, and the null…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Hongjian Wang , Muriel F. Pérez-Ortiz , Wouter M. Koolen , Aaditya Ramdas

We assume that an individual invests in a financial market with one riskless and one risky asset, with the latter's price following geometric Brownian motion as in the Black-Scholes model. Under a constant rate of consumption, we find the…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2016-05-20 Bahman Angoshtari , Erhan Bayraktar , Virginia R. Young
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