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In testing the independence of two Gaussian populations, one computes the distribution of the sample canonical correlation coefficients, given that the actual correlation is zero. The "Laplace transform" of this distribution is not only an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 M. Adler , P. van Moerbeke

In this paper we consider the normalized lengths of the factors of some factorizations of random words. First, for the \emph{Lyndon factorization} of finite random words with $n$ independent letters drawn from a finite or infinite totally…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-11-05 Elahe Zohoorian Azad , Philippe Chassaing

We consider the distributions of the lengths of the longest weakly increasing and strongly decreasing subsequences in words of length N from an alphabet of k letters. We find Toeplitz determinant representations for the exponential…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-07-11 Craig A. Tracy , Harold Widom

We consider the expected length of the longest common subsequence between two random words of lengths $n$ and $(1-\varepsilon)kn$ over $k$-symbol alphabet. It is well-known that this quantity is asymptotic to $\gamma_{k,\varepsilon} n$ for…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-08-20 Boris Bukh , Zichao Dong

We investigate the variance of the length of the longest common subsequences of two independent random words of size $n$, where the letters of one word are i.i.d. uniformly drawn from $\{\alpha_1, \alpha_2, \cdots, \alpha_m\}$, while the…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-12-27 Christian Houdré , Qingqing Liu

Fix two words over the binary alphabet $\{0,1\}$, and generate iid Bernoulli$(p)$ bits until one of the words occurs in sequence. This setup, commonly known as Penney's ante, was popularized by Conway, who found (in unpublished work) a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-01 Mathew Drexel , Xuanshan Peng , Jacob Richey

This paper, a continuation of math.CO/9909169, connects the analysis of the length of the longest weakly increasing subsequence of inhomogeneous random words to a Riemann-Hilbert problem and an associated system of integrable PDEs. In…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2009-07-10 Alexander R. Its , Craig A. Tracy , Harold Widom

The numbers we study in this paper are of the form $B_{n, p}(k)$, which is the number of binary words of length $n$ that contain the word $p$ (as a subsequence) exactly $k$ times. Our motivation comes from the analogous study of pattern…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-14 Krishna Menon , Anurag Singh

The distribution of word probabilities in the monkey model of Zipf's law is associated with two universality properties: (1) the power law exponent converges strongly to $-1$ as the alphabet size increases and the letter probabilities are…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-04-20 Richard Perline , Ronald Perline

We study the relation between the palindromic and factor complexity of infinite words. We show that for uniformly recurrent words one has P(n)+P(n+1) \leq \Delta C(n) + 2, for all n \in N. For a large class of words it is a better estimate…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Peter Baláži , Zuzana Masáková , Edita Pelantová

We study mixed long-range percolation on the square lattice. Each vertical edge of unit length is independently open with probability $\varepsilon$, and each horizontal edge of length $i$ is independently open with probability $p_i$. Also,…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Pablo A. Gomes , Otávio Lima , Roger W. C. Silva

It is proved that the limiting distribution of the length of the longest weakly increasing subsequence in an inhomogeneous random word is related to the distribution function for the eigenvalues of a certain direct sum of Gaussian unitary…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alexander R. Its , Craig A. Tracy , Harold Widom

Given a set of $t$ words of length $n$ over a $k$-letter alphabet, it is proved that there exists a common subsequence among two of them of length at least $\frac{n}{k}+cn^{1-1/(t-k-2)}$, for some $c>0$ depending on $k$ and $t$. This is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-23 Boris Bukh , Jie Ma

Construct recursively a long string of words w1. .. wn, such that at each step k, w k+1 is a new word with a fixed probability p $\in$ (0, 1), and repeats some preceding word with complementary probability 1 -- p. More precisely, given a…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-06-26 Jean Bertoin

Let $\pi_n$ be a uniformly chosen random permutation on $[n]$. Using an analysis of the probability that two overlapping consecutive $k$-permutations are order isomorphic, the authors of a recent paper showed that the expected number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-07 Anant Godbole , Hannah Swickheimer

We investigate the order of the $r$-th, $1\le r < +\infty$, central moment of the length of the longest common subsequence of two independent random words of size $n$ whose letters are identically distributed and independently drawn from a…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-04-22 Christian Houdré , Jinyong Ma

For a word $\pi$ and integer $i$, we define $L^i(\pi)$ to be the length of the longest subsequence of the form $i(i+1)\cdots j$, and we let $L(\pi):=\max_i L^i(\pi)$. In this paper we estimate the expected values of $L^1(\pi)$ and $L(\pi)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-22 Alexander Clifton , Bishal Deb , Yifeng Huang , Sam Spiro , Semin Yoo

Let a word be a sequence of $n$ i.i.d. integer random variables. The perimeter $P$ of the word is the number of edges of the word, seen as a polyomino. In this paper, we present a probabilistic approach to the computation of the moments of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-15 Guy Louchard

We investigate partitioning of integer sequences into heapable subsequences (previously defined and established by Mitzenmacher et al). We show that an extension of patience sorting computes the decomposition into a minimal number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-11 Gabriel Istrate , Cosmin Bonchis

Let $M(n, k, p)$ denote the maximum probability of the event $X_1 = X_2 = \cdots = X_n=1$ under a $k$-wise independent distribution whose marginals are Bernoulli random variables with mean $p$. A long-standing question is to calculate $M(n,…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-07-29 Daniel Berend , Philip A. Ernst , Aryeh Kontorovich , Rishi Kumar
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