Related papers: Arithmetic Properties of Periodic Maps

Let $\psi_1,...,\psi_k$ be maps from Z to an additive abelian group with positive periods $n_1,...,n_k$ respectively. We show that the function $\psi=\psi_1+...+\psi_k$ is constant if $\psi(x)$ equals a constant for |S| consecutive integers…

The principal permanent rank characteristic sequence is a binary sequence $r_0 r_1 \ldots r_n$ where $r_k = 1$ if there exists a principal square submatrix of size $k$ with nonzero permanent and $r_k = 0$ otherwise, and $r_0 = 1$ if there…

In this paper, we introduce and study the iterates of the following family of functions $\varphi_k$ defined on natural numbers which exhibits nice properties. $$\varphi_k(x)=\left\lbrace \begin{array}{ll} x+k, & \mbox{ if $x$ is prime;}\\…

When studying the least common multiple of some finite sequences of integers, the first author introduced the interesting arithmetic functions $g_k$ $(k \in \mathbb{N})$, defined by $g_k(n) := \frac{n (n + 1) ... (n + k)}{\lcm(n, n + 1,…

We determine periodic and aperiodic points of certain piecewise affine maps in the Euclidean plane. Using these maps, we prove for $\lambda\in\{\frac{\pm1\pm\sqrt5}2,\pm\sqrt2,\pm\sqrt3\}$ that all integer sequences $(a_k)_{k\in\mathbb Z}$…

The paper proves two theorems concerning the set of periods of periodic orbits for maps of graphs that are homotopic to the constant map and such that the vertices form a periodic orbit. The first result is that if $v$ is not a divisor of…

For each positive integer n greater than or equal to 2, a new approach to expressing real numbers as sequences of nonnegative integers is given. The n=2 case is equivalent to the standard continued fraction algorithm. For n=3, it reduces to…

Previously, the graph permanent was introduced as a single-valued invariant for graphs $G$ with $|E(G)| = k(|V(G)|-1)$ for some $k \in \mathbb{Z}_{>0}$. Herein, we construct the extended graph permanent, an infinite sequence for all graphs.…

A permanental field, $\psi=\{\psi(\nu),\nu\in {\mathcal{V}}\}$, is a particular stochastic process indexed by a space of measures on a set $S$. It is determined by a kernel $u(x,y)$, $x,y\in S$, that need not be symmetric and is allowed to…

For each prime number $p$, the dynamical behavior of the square mapping on the ring $\mathbb{Z}_p$ of $p$-adic integers is studied. For $p=2$, there are only attracting fixed points with their attracting basins. For $p\geq 3$, there are a…

For a prime $p$ and an integer $x$, the $p$-adic valuation of $x$ is denoted by $\nu_{p}(x)$. For a polynomial $Q$ with integer coefficients, the sequence of valuations $\nu_{p}(Q(n))$ is shown to be either periodic or unbounded. The first…

We show that functions of type $X_n = P[Z^n]$, where $P[t]$ is a periodic function and $Z$ is a generic real number, can produce sequences such that any string of values $X_{s}, X_{s+1}, ...,X_{s+m}$ is deterministically independent of past…

Many combinatorial sequences (for example, the Catalan and Motzkin numbers) may be expressed as the constant term of $P(x)^k Q(x)$, for some Laurent polynomials $P(x)$ and $Q(x)$ in the variable $x$ with integer coefficients. Denoting such…

The polynomial-time computability of the permanent over fields of characteristic 3 for k-semi-unitary matrices (i.e. square matrices such that the differences of their Gram matrices and the corresponding identity matrices are of rank k) in…

For any irrational $\alpha > 0$ and any initial value $z_{-1} \in \mathbb{C}$, we define a sequence of complex numbers $(z_n)_{n=0}^{\infty}$ as follows: $z_n$ is $z_{n-1} + e^{2 \pi i \alpha n}$ or $z_{n-1} - e^{2 \pi i \alpha n}$,…

In this paper we study arithmetic properties of some permanents, many of which involve trigonometric functions. For any primitive $n$-th root $\zeta$ of unity, we obtain closed formulas for the permanents…

Let $\xi$ be an irrational algebraic real number and $(p_k / q_k)_{k \ge 1}$ denote the sequence of its convergents. Let $(u_n)_{n \geq 1}$ be a non-degenerate linear recurrence sequence of integers, which is not a polynomial sequence. We…

In this follow-up paper, we again inspect a surprising relationship between the set of $n$-periodic points of a polynomial map $\varphi_{d, c}$ defined by $\varphi_{d, c}(z) = z^d + c$ for all $c, z \in \mathbb{Z}_{p}$ or $\in…

Given a rational map $\phi: {\mathbb P}^1\to {\mathbb P}^1$ defined over a number field $K$, we prove a finiteness result for $\phi$-preperiodic points which are $S$-integral with respect to a non-preperiodic point $P$, provided $P$…

By varying a parameter of a one-dimensional piecewise smooth map, stable periodic orbits are observed. In this paper, complete analytic characterization of these stable periodic orbits is obtained. An interesting relationship between the…