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Our purpose is to determine the complete set of mutually orthogonal squares of order $d$, which are not necessary Latin. In this article, we introduce the concept of supersquare of order $d$, which is defined with the help of its generating…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-01-06 Cristian Ghiu , Iulia Ghiu

We show that k=w+2 mutually unbiased bases can be constructed in any square dimension d=s^2 provided that there are w mutually orthogonal Latin squares of order s. The construction combines the design-theoretic objects (k,s)-nets (which can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pawel Wocjan , Thomas Beth

A Latin square of order $n$ is an $n\times n$ array which contains $n$ distinct symbols exactly once in each row and column. We define the adjacent distance between two adjacent cells (containing integers) to be their difference modulo $n$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-19 Omar Aceval , Paige Beidelman , Jieqi Di , James Hammer , Mitchel O'Connor , Caitlin Owens , Yewen Sun

Despite the fact that latin cubes have been studied since in the 1940's, there are only a few results on embedding partial latin cubes, and all these results are far from being optimal with respect to the size of the containing cube. For…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-15 Amin Bahmanian

In this paper, we construct odd unimodular lattices in dimensions n=36,37 having minimum norm 3 and 4s=n-16, where s is the minimum norm of the shadow. We also construct odd unimodular lattices in dimensions n=41,43,44 having minimum norm 4…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-05-28 Masaaki Harada

We consider the problem of constructing Latin cubes subject to the condition that some symbols may not appear in certain cells. We prove that there is a constant $\gamma > 0$ such that if $n=2^k$ and $A$ is $3$-dimensional $n\times n\times…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-10 Carl Johan Casselgren , Klas Markström , Lan Anh Pham

Two latin squares are orthogonal if, when they are superimposed, every ordered pair of symbols appears exactly once. This definition extends naturally to `incomplete' latin squares each having a hole on the same rows, columns, and symbols.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-27 Peter J. Dukes , Christopher M. van Bommel

We give a variety of magic hexagons of Orders from 3 to 7, many of which are extensions of known results. We also give a theorem that their are an infinite number of magic hexagons of Order $n$ for any fixed positive integer $n$ for any…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-08-18 Geoffrey B. Campbell

Although Hadamard matrices have been investigated since the nineteenth century, relatively little is known about their higher-dimensional analogues. In this paper, we introduce two constructions of Hadamard hypercubes. The first…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Amin Bahmanian , Sho Suda

We have performed a complete enumeration of non-isotopic triples of mutually orthogonal $k\times n$ Latin rectangles for $k\leq n \leq 7$. Here we will present a census of such triples, classified by various properties, including the order…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-31 Gerold Jäger , Klas Markström , Lars-Daniel Öhman , Denys Shcherbak

An O'Nan configuration in a unital is a set of four lines forming a quadrilateral, where the six intersections of pairs of lines are points of the unital. In 2019 Feng and Li elegantly construct O'Nan configurations in Buekenhout-Metz…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-11 Wen-Ai Jackson , Peter Wild

The well-known quadrangle criterion states that a latin square is isotopic to the Cayley table of a group if and only if all quadrangles spanned by the same triple of symbols coincide on the fourth symbol. Gowers and Long (2020)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Anna A. Taranenko

A way to construct and classify the three dimensional polynomially deformed algebras is given and the irreducible representations is presented. for the quadratic algebras 4 different algebras are obtained and for cubic algebras 12 different…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Bindu A. Bambah

Building off of the work of Kervaire and Milnor, and Hill, Hopkins, and Ravenel, Xu and Wang showed that the only odd dimensions n for which S^n has a unique differentiable structure are 1, 3, 5, and 61. We show that the only even…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2020-02-12 Mark Behrens , Michael Hill , Michael J. Hopkins , Mark Mahowald

It is proved that for any prescribed orientation of the triples of either a Steiner triple system or a Latin square of odd order, there exists an embedding in an orientable surface with the triples forming triangular faces and one extra…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-19 Terry S. Griggs , Thomas A. McCourt , Jozef Siran

The dimension of a block design is the maximum positive integer $d$ such that any $d$ of its points are contained in a proper subdesign. Pairwise balanced designs PBD$(v,K)$ have dimension at least two as long as not all points are on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-22 Coen del Valle , Peter J. Dukes

We show that any partial Latin square of order $n$ can be embedded in a Latin square of order at most $16n^2$ which has at least $2n$ mutually orthogonal mates. We also show that for any $t\geq 2$, a pair of orthogonal partial Latin squares…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-13 Diane M. Donovan , Mike Grannell , Emine Şule Yazıcı

Using computational algebraic geometry techniques and Hilbert bases of polyhedral cones we derive explicit formulas and generating functions for the number of magic squares and magic cubes.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 M. Ahmed , J. De Loera , R. Hemmecke

The mean king's problem with maximal mutually unbiased bases (MUB's) in general dimension d is investigated. It is shown that a solution of the problem exists if and only if the maximal number (d+1) of orthogonal Latin squares exists. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. Hayashi , M. Horibe , T. Hashimoto

Self-dual codes have been studied actively because they are connected with mathematical structures including block designs and lattices and have practical applications in quantum error-correcting codes and secret sharing schemes.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Minjia Shi , Sihui Tao , Jihoon Hong , Jon-Lark Kim