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We express the vacuum Einstein constraints in terms of differential forms - the forms include one-forms constituting an orthonormal coframe of the spatial metric. We show that if the metric is real-analytic, then the constraints can be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-01 Andrzej Okolow , Jakub Szymankiewicz

In previous works, we showed that both time and space can emerge from entanglement within a globally constrained quantum Universe, with no background coordinates. By extending the Page and Wootters quantum time formalism to include both…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-30 Tommaso Favalli

An effective formalism for quantum constrained systems is presented which allows manageable derivations of solutions and observables, including a treatment of physical reality conditions without requiring full knowledge of the physical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-03-12 Martin Bojowald , Barbara Sandhoefer , Aureliano Skirzewski , Artur Tsobanjan

A method of quantizing parametrized systems is developed that is based on a kind of ``gauge invariant'' quantities---the so-called perennials (a perennial must also be an ``integral of motion''). The problem of time in its particular form…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 P. Hajicek

This article sets up a formalism to describe stochastic thermodynamics for driven out-of-equilibrium open quantum systems. A stochastic Schr\"odinger equation allows to construct quantum trajectories describing the dynamics of the system…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-10-17 Cyril Elouard , Alexia Auffèves , Maxime Clusel

The solutions, in terms of orthogonal polynomials, of Dirac equation with analytically solvable potentials are investigated within a novel formalism by transforming the relativistic equation into a Schrodinger like one. Earlier results are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M Kocak , B Gonul

We consider quantum mechanics on constrained surfaces which have non-Euclidean metrics and variable Gaussian curvature. The old controversy about the ambiguities involving terms in the Hamiltonian of order hbar^2 multiplying the Gaussian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-14 L. Kaplan , N. T. Maitra , E. J. Heller

In this work, a method for solving the constraints of general relativity is presented, where first all geometrical objects are written in terms of a set of orthonormal triads and a flat Weitzenbock connection, which depends on the triads…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-07-18 Daniel W. F. Alves

We first review the application of Dirac's method to the dynamics of a classical particle constrained to a circle and its subsequent quantization. Then, we extend the analysis to a particle constrained to move on an ellipse. Particularly,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-09 Akshay Chaturvedi , Pichai Ramadevi

Generalized Dilaton Theories in two dimensions coupled to Dirac fermions are subjected to constraint analysis. Three first class secondary constraints are found, corresponding to one local Lorentz symmetry and two diffeomorphisms. Moreover,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Rene Meyer

In the present work we consider a time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for systems invariant under the reparametrization of time. We develop the two-stage procedure of construction such systems from a given initial ones, which is not…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 V. I. Tkach , A. Pashnev , J. J. Rosales

Described is n-level quantum system realized in the n-dimensional ''Hilbert'' space H with the scalar product G taken as a dynamical variable. The most general Lagrangian for the wave function and G is considered. Equations of motion and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-05-28 Vasyl Kovalchuk , Jan Jerzy Slawianowski

It is well known that the imposition of a constraint can transform the properties of critical systems. Early work on this phenomenon by Essam and Garelick, Fisher, and others, focused on the effects of constraints on the leading critical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-06-17 Nickolay Izmailian , Ralph Kenna

Exact procedures that follow Dirac's constraint quantization of gauge theories are usually technically involved and often difficult to implement in practice. We overview an "effective" scheme for obtaining the leading order semiclassical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Artur Tsobanjan

As examples of models having interesting constraint structures, we derive a quantum mechanical model from the spatial freezing of a well known relativistic field theory - the chiral Schwinger model. We apply the Hamiltonian constraint…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-07-10 Sudipta Das , Subir Ghosh

In this work it is studied the Schr\"odinger equation for a non-relativistic particle restricted to move on a surface $S$ in a three-dimensional Minkowskian medium $\mathbb{R}_1^3$, i.e., the space $\mathbb{R}^3$ equipped with the metric…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-02-15 Renato Teixeira , Eduardo S. G. Leandro , Luiz C. B. da Silva , Fernando Moraes

By constructing the commutative operators chain, we derive the integrable conditions for solving the eigenfunctions of Dirac equation and Schr\"odinger equation. These commutative relations correspond to the intrinsic symmetry of the…

General Physics · Physics 2017-06-02 Ying-Qiu Gu

The statistical mechanics of quantum-classical systems with holonomic constraints is formulated rigorously by unifying the classical Dirac bracket and the quantum-classical bracket in matrix form. The resulting Dirac quantum-classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Alessandro Sergi

Although conservative Hamiltonian systems with constraints can be formulated in terms of Dirac structures, a more general framework is necessary to cover also dissipative systems such as gradient and metriplectic systems with constraints.…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-03-05 Ünver Çiftçi

We propose in this paper an alternative method for the quantisation of systems with first-class constraints. This method is a combination of the coherent-state-path-integral quantisation developed by Klauder, with the ideas of reduced state…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Charis Anastopoulos
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